- What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
The First New Deal was from 1933- 1934. It didn't end the depression, but helped with the suffering of people. It tried to get a more organized partnership between corporations and the government. It wanted to restore the economy from the top down, it would start with the banks. The 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act set up the New Deal's strategy of fighting back the depression. It focused on economy recovery. The Second New Deal 1935-1941 wanted to restore the economy from the bottom up. They wanted to help the common people get jobs so that they would be able to pay for things. It emphasized social justice. It wanted to turn non consumers into consumers again.
Relief, Reform, Recovery: relief was to the unemployed and badly hurt farmers, reform on the business and financial practices, recovery of the economy during the great depression.
- Why did people criticize the New Deal?
- Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 was proposed by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Franklin was upset that the supreme court was hating on so many of the new deal programs and proposing everything he did to be unconstitutional. When the bill was taken to the supreme court there was a huge fight because they were thinking that this would turn our democracy to more of a dictatorship. Instead of passing the bill one person switched their vote to be in favor of the new deal.
- How did the New Deal help:
-unemployed-
The Civilian Conservation Corps provided relief, rehabilitation, and training for about around three million men. They would provide jobs for men, some of the jobs included building parks, fighting forest fires, and planting trees. The CCC was aimed mainly for men from the ages of 18-25. The Civil Works Administration was made to provide jobs for many unemployed people. Most of the jobs that they gave were construction jobs, It hired around 4 million people and it promised high wages.
Federal Emergency Relief Act help the homeless. It gave out welfare checks out to people and also helped people buy food and clothes. It also put 15 million people a place to work. The FERA ended in 1934. It became to costly and was very controversial, that is why it did not last very long.
The NIRA and the NRA, helped people make more money, treating workers better. they set minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. Companies that you knew were doing their parts in treating their workers well were presented with blue eagle codes in their windows which means that the people were treating their workers well and paying them equally ect.
-farmers-
The Farm Security Administration was made to help poor farmers that were affected by the dust bowl. It was set up in 1937. Smaller farms were bought by the government and were made better. In 1944 The Conservation Coalition took control of the FSA. It made it into a program that would help farmers buy land. The FSA was known mostly for the photographs that the took. One example was the Migrant Mother that was taken by Dorthea Lange.
The Rural Electrification Administration was a loan program for rural electrification and telephone service. It primary goal was to promote rural electrification. Provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power. Pushed private businesses to extend services to the countryside. They also pushed to lower the rates that rural areas would has to pay for electricity.
Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1933 controlled the supply and demand sequence of the seven “basic crops.” The government offered money to the farmers if they reduced the crop area.. they basically paid farmers to plant less because there was simply too much and they were trying to eliminate the overproduction problem. Most of the farmers could not refuse the offer because they needed the money so bad. This also helped the people who suffered from the dust bowl, and the act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. In 1936 this was claimed unconstitutional.
The Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1938 fixed the issues the government had with the first act. The first act was claimed unconstitutional because they were only taxing one small group of people. With the second AAA they made it so everybody in our country was taxed to help out our farmers. This act steadied the prices and the farmers earnings. This act helped to establish the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. It offered insurance to farmers if their crops were damaged.
-factory workers/labor
-young people
-banks/business-
The FDIC is a deposit corporation that guarantees the safety of one's money in member banks. It was originated by the Glass-Steagal Act of 1933. The FDIC protected consumer functions, manage failed banks, and observes particular companies for safety. The Securities Act of 1933 and Securities Exchange Act of 1934 created SEC. They were made to restore confidence in markets and have clearer rules for dealing and more reliable information. They must tell truth about their business like what they are selling and the risks. Brokers and dealers must treat investors fairly. Former June 6, 1934. If someone purchases more than 5% of a business must report to the SEC. It regulated the stock-market. It made the stock market more secure, it is still around today.
The Emergency Bank Relief Act was also known as the bank holiday. This act closed down banks and 5000 banks were passed. It regulated the Secretary of the Treasury and allowed the president to declare a National Emergency. It changed the ways that banks worked during emergencies such as teh Stock Market Crash. It would close down banks and then assure people that if it was re-opened their money was safe. This act was made to help with the effects of the Great Depression for the banks.
The Federal Security Act was meant to require investors to receive a lot of information on stocks that are out for public sale. It also prohibited fraud and misrepresentations. This act also made the issuers of stocks to show information about the terms of the stocks. They also wanted to prevent anybody that had inside informatin from rigging the stock prices.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation gave 2 billion dollars to help aid state and local governments and banks. Helped with the economic troubles of the Great Depression. It mainly helped by loaning money out to people and businesses. It first gave money to the businesses that needed help the most so that they could continue to operate.
-home owners-
The Home Owners' Loan Act helped people avoid having their homes foreclosed in the Depression. It extended the loan repayment period and divided the single of payments into smaller payments. It was established in 1933. It granted long-term mortgage loans for 1 million homeowners. The HOLA would judge the cities by the number of colored people that lived in that area.
The Federal Housing Administration- It would help people pay loans for bigger payments The FHA would help people pay back loans so that they could get loans for houses from bankers.
-elderly-
The Social Security Administration was passed and helped elderly, disable, and retired people. A Social Security card was what insured that people were U.S. citizens. Roosevelt was the first president to help the elderly. Women that worked in the house were considered unemployed so that they would get unemployment checks. It also provided benefits to the retired and unemployed. This act provided for a lot of controversy.
-Native Americans-
The Indian Reorganization Act would allow Native American lands would now belong to the entire tribe. Native American children were able to go to school on reservations. The tribes could also elect a tribal council that would govern the reservations.
-Consumers-
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act was used to amend he pure food and drug act. there was a mix-up with this chemical sulfur thing that was sent out so the government put in this act so that they were more strict about the food and drugs that were sent out during the time. It helped the consumers because they checked the labels to make sure that what they were buying was ok.
-Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
+hundred days: a special session of Congress from March 9, 1933 to June 16, 1933, called by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in which important social legislation was enacted.
+fireside chats: an informal address by a political leader over radio or television, esp. as given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt beginning in 1933.
+priming the pump: this was how he encouraged the Americans to spend more money like how the government was spending more money.
+deficit spending: the amount of money that the government is spending. if you are going into deficit spending you are spending more than what you make
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