Monday: Watched the last two videos and continued with notes
Tuesday: No school
Wednesday: No School
Thursday: Continued with notes
Friday: Watched the video about the Great Depression
1.-Causes of the Great Depression
1)Overproduction of goods
- Making more than they were selling
- Had to lay people off or close
2)Under consumption of goods by consumers
- Low profits for companies
3)Agricultural slump in the 1920's due to overproduction
- In WWI there was a high demand for food
- After the war we didn't need that much
- Bad drought and weather conditions
4)High protective tariff policies of the 1920's
- Practically forced Americans to buy American made products
- People weren't buying goods - didn't matter if there was foreign competition
- Couldn't sell to foreign countries because they had high tariffs as well.. World trade cut
5)Taxes benefiting the rich-rich got richer, poor got poorer
- The income gap got wider
- Added the problem of not buying things
6)Stock market crash
- People and banks lost money
- Businesses failed, unemployment
- Sped things up for the great depression
7)Banks closing
- When banks close, people's money is gone
*The vicious cycle of the Great Depression
- Companies lost $$ so they lay people off
- Unemployment rate goes up and less people buy goods
- Companies profits fall so they have to lay more people off or close
- Cycle repeats itself
2.-Impact the Great Depression had on people and our country
*Hoovervilles
- Many people lost their homes
- They would build shacks out of raw materials
- They would form small communities with shacks
*Unemployment rate was 25%, 50% for African Americans and minors
*Soup kitchens $ bread lines
- People would give out free food for the unemployed
*Kids
- A lot dropped out of school
- Felt like they were a burden for their parents, would leave home
- Hopped freight trains and traveled from town to town
*Selling apples
- People would buy apples cheap and sell them at work places for a few more cents
- Living for the day
*Dust bowl
- Midwest and Great Plains
- The way they farmed, farmers were told to plow up their grasslands
- This area became extremely dry - called the great American dessert
- Dust storms were common
*Okies
- Left the dust bowl states because they lost everything
- They gave up their farms and tried to find jobs out west
3.-President Hoover’s attempt(or lack thereof) to help solve Great Depression
- Had a philosophy to not spend more money than we took in
- He was viewed as uncaring and as a president who did very little to help with the Great Depression (This wasn't true)
- Hoover did more than previous presidents to get involved
- Republican philosophies hurt him, people needed help
*1928 Republican campaign promise
- A chicken in every pot, a car in every garage
- Everything will continue to be great, shouldn't change anything
*Hoover's fight against great depression
- Encouraged people to be patient, stay positive and volunteer to help each other
- Federal Farm board - stabilize prices and promote sales of agricultural products
- Norris-La Guardia Act - strengthened labor unions
- Hoover Moratorium - Once year halt on German war payments to France, one year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to US
- Mexican Repatriation - Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
- Revenue Act of 1932 - Increased taxes so US gov't had $$
- Hawly-Smoot Tarrif - Raised tariffs to record levels
*Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
- Gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business's to create projects/jobs for people
- Gave states loans for emergency relief needs
- Started under Hoover, not as successful as he had hoped
- Ended after WWII
*Hoover (Boulder) Dam
- Boulder Dam is located near Las Vegas
- The Hoover dam project including the dam, the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder City, highways, railroads and various other works, cost $165 million to build
- This and other dam projects led to more jobs, government sold energy and made money from it
4.-1932/1936 Presidential elections
*1932 election
- Roosevelt swept up Hoover
5.-Bonus Army
*Promised pension
- The government was going to give WWI veterans pension checks for fighting
- Weren't giving it to them until 1945
- Army wanted to pass an early pension act because they needed money
*Government didn't pass
- They were angry and dissapointed
- Some stayed in the city and caused problems
- The government used aggressive tactics to remove them
*MacArthur, Eisenhower, and Patton
- Were very aggressive with former soldiers
- Didn't have permission to do that from Hoover
- They stopped the rebellion
- Made Hoover look very uncaring (He ended up supporting MacArthur)
6.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads
- Jazz music swing music and dancing
- Sports
- Radio
- 1936 olympics
7.-Franklin Roosevelt’s background and accomplishments-Focus on New Deal
- Good background and resume
- Only president to ever be elected 4 times
- Ran for vice president in 1920
- Was seen as an up comer
- Only president to be handicapped (polio)
- Then worked really hard to fight back against his disease
8.-The Three R’s
*Roosevelt's plan to get us out of the great depression
- Relief for the needy
- Economic recovery
- Financial reform
9.-The difference between the First New Deal and Second New Deal
*New Deal
- Restore nation's hope
- Help banks and stock market
- Provide jobs and relief for poor
- Plan and regulate the economy
*2nd New Deal
- Pass new labor laws
- Create and expand new deal agencies
- Establish social security for older people and unemployed
10.-Fireside chats
- Radio messages he gave to the people
- People would be next to their fireplaces listening
- Made people feel like he was talking to them, made it personal
11.-The Hundred Days
- The first 100 days of Roosevelt's presidency
- Wanted to get as many things done as he could so people saw him as a good president
12.-Deficit spending and “priming the pump”
*Deficit spending
- Starting to spend more money than they take in
*Priming the pump
- Putting money into programs
- A lot of wasted money spent
- Trying to jump start the economy
13.-FDR vs the US Supreme Court-Court Packing issue
- Roosevelt was frustrated that the older men that were saying certain new deal programs were unconstitutional
- Roosevelt said that for every person over 70 he could put on new men
- Roosevelt wanted to put on democrats so they would vote for his new deal
- The court packing didn't happen
14.-Critics and failings of the New Deal-Long, Caughlin, Townshend
*Reasons the new deal was challenged
- Created a very powerful president that led Congress, this was a violation of checks and balances
- It was a radical departure from Laissez Faire ideals. Created "big government"
- Some acts appeared interfering and at worst unconstitutional
- Heavy debt burden - the United States was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run
- Was viewed as too socialistic - giving the people too much
- Was doing just the right amount if people are complaining from both sides
*Senator Huey Long
- Was going to run for president in 1936
- Was assassinated by Carl Weiss
- Thought Roosevelt should do more - had communist beliefs
- Gathered wide support because of the hard times
Alphabet Soup Organizations:
Hoover’s Measures:
Reconstruction Finance Corporation(RFC)
Employment Projects:
Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC)
Federal Emergency Relief Act/Administration(FERA)
Public Works Administration(PWA)
Civil Works Administration(CWA)
Works Progress Administration(WPA)
National Youth Administration(NYA)
Business/Bank Assistance and Reform:
Emergency Banking Relief Act(Bank Holiday)(EBRA)
Federal Securities Act(FSA)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC)
National Recovery Administration(NRA)/National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA)
Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)
Banking Act of 1935
Farm Relief and Rural Development:
Agricultural Adjustment Act(1st and 2nd)(AAA)
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA)
Rural Electrification Administration(REA)
Farm Security Administration(FSA)
Housing:
Home Owners’s Loan Corporation(HOLC)
Federal Housing Administration(FHA)
United States Housing Authority(USHA)
Labor Relations:
National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act)(NLRB)
Fair Labor Standards Act(FLSA)
Retirement:
Social Security Administration(Glass-Steagall Act)(SSA)
Native Americans:
Indian Reorganization Act(IRA)
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