Feb 9th- Took notes
How did the New Deal Help?
Unemployed people
Reconstruction Finance Corporation- Hoover
Civilian Conservation Corps
Limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
Members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 per month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family
Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline
US Army operated
Workers planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
Constructed military bases during WWII
Funding stopped in 1942
Federal Emergency Relief Act
Distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed
This in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs
Three objectives
Direct relief measures
Provide work
Provide many different types of relief programs
Public Works Administration
Created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties
Funded construction projects like dams, bridges, airports etc.
Example of FDR’s priming the pump
Was responsible for 70 percent of the new schools and 33 percent of the hospitals built were by the PWA
Civil Works Administration
Created construction jobs, mainly in bridges and buildings
Canceled because it costs too much
Works Progress Administration
Provided jobs and income to the unemployed
Built bridges, runways, buildings
Federal Project No. 1 of the WPA was developed to give artistic and professional work to the unemployed who qualified
Art, Music, Theatre, Writers, Historians
Young people
CCC
National Youth Administration
Pushed by Eleanor Roosevelt
Served 327,000 high school and college youth who were paid 6 to 40 dollars a month for ‘work study’ projects at their schools
Allowed thousands of young people to stay in school
155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid 10 to 25 dollars a month for part time work or job training
Lived at home and worked on construction or repair sites
Banks
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Passed 5 days after FDR took office
In response to the thousands of banks that closed down
Announced Bank Holiday in a Fireside chat, which closed them temporarily
- EBRA would close down the bank, reorganize it and then reopen the bank when it was stable
Feb 10- Took notes
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
Insured people’s money in banks up to 1000, (today 250000)
Passed in response to the bank failures after the stock market crash
Insures money in savings and checking accounts money market accounts and CD’s
Stock Market
Federal Securities Act
Made the market a safer place for people to invest their money
Two goals
Required investors be given information about the company and the stock
Got rid of deceit, misrepresentations and other fraud
Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulates the stock market and made it secure and safe
Still around today
Factory Workers
National Industrial Recovery Act
Establishing codes of fair competition in the workplace
Tried to make it voluntary agreements with business’ dealing with hours of work, rates of pay, and fixing of prices
Businesses which complied could display the Blue Eagle
NIRA helped create jobs for workers building schools
Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court
Nat’l Labor Relations Act
Conducts elections for unions
Stresses collective bargaining
Investigates and fixes unfair labor practices
Governed by a five- person board whose members are appointed by the President
Fair Labor Standards Act
Established a national minimum wage- 40 cents per hour
40 hour work week
time and a half for overtime
Prohibited most child labor
Still exists today
Farmers
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Restricted production by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted
Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up
The farmers were paid for leaving their land untilled
Oversaw a large scale destruction of existing crops and livestock in an attempt to reduce surpluses
6 mil pigs 220000 sows slaughtered in order to raise prices
Cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop
People saw it as cruel
Prices doubled
Declared unconstitutional because of how they taxed, only taxed farm processors
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
Allowed gov. to pay farmers to reduce production to conserve soil and prevent erosion
Educated farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them
Erosion dropped 65 percent
Tennessee Valley Authority
Created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region
Criticized the TVA for only helping a specific region and not the whole country
Rural Electrification Administration
REA provided farms with electric lighting and power and telephone services
Made long term loans to state and local governments to farmer’s cooperatives and to nonprofit organizations to do the work
25 percent was electrified up from 10 percent
- The administration was abolished and its functions assumed by the Rural Utilities Service
Feb 11- Took notes
Farm Security Administration
Farmers bought tractors , forcing tenant farmers off the land
Granted tenant farmers and small farmers money to purchase farms
FSA payed Dorothea Lange to take photographs
Try to document the struggles farmers face
Homeowners
Home Owner’s Loan Corporation
When buying a house bank required a 50% down payment
Had to have it payed off in 5-7 years
HOLC reduced the downpayment and allowed people to pay it off over a longer period of time
Federal Housing Administration
Improve housing standards and conditions and to provide an adequate home financing system
Designed to help build home for lower- class citizens
United States Housing Authority
Designed to lend money to the states or communities for low-cost home construction
Homes for low-income and homeless people
Elderly
Social Security Administration
Provides retirement, disability, and survivors’ benefits
Workers pay social security taxes on their earnings
Consumers
NIRA- Blue Eagle codes
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
Power to regulate industries
Mandated a review of the safety of all new drugs before going to market
Banned false therapeutic claims
Native Americans
Indian Reorganization Act
Allowed NA to govern themselves on tribal basis
Keep their own land
Included provisions to help create job opportunities on Indian Reservations
Still around today
Feb 12-
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