-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
-background
-how they came to power
-how they lost power
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
ITALY
Benito Mussolini-
Born in July 1883 in Predappio, Italy
Very smart, but disobedient
Expelled from schools -once stabbed someone with a pen knife
Taught elementary school
Fought in WWI
Fascist party- Government led by dictator who had complete power
Took power of country in 1922
Invaded and took over Ethiopia and Albania in 1930's
Allianced with Germany in 1939
Killed in April 1945 just before Germany's surrender
Homefront-
Saved paper, metal, bones, other supplies
Made victory gardens
Weren't prepared for the war
Major goals were to get people to join the military and become Nationalistic
Battle strategies-
Wanted to make Mediterranean sea 'Lake of Italy'
Heavily used submarines
Battles-
War declaration on Britain
Invasion of Greece
Regia Marina; ships and aircraft to
Allied attack in Sicily July 1943
Italy was unsuccessful in trying to seize the Mediterranean sea
Italy switched sides and allied with the US
Why they lost-
old, weak weapons
poor military leadership
public didn't know why they were in the war
War impact-
Italy's been allied with us since the end of the war
Communism became more popular
Democratic republic established in 1948
Mussolini came to power in 1932
Italy joins League of Nations but pulls out after Ethiopia invasion
5 Power Pact- GB, US, Japan, France and Italy designed to prevent arm's race. Prevented military build up
9 Power Pact- Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door policy
Kellogg-Briand Pact- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes. Many major countries pledged
Italy lost to Ethiopia in 1936; embarrassment to Italy
Italy was first aggressive country besides Japan
Rome-Berlin Axis; Germany and Italy officially become allies
Invades Albania in 1939
Invades Northern Africa in 1940
King Victor Emmanuel asked Mussolini to take power in Italy to keep Communism from spreading
Fascism- Total power to dictator if government. Total trust in one's country. Nationalism.
Spanish civil war(Spain)- 1936 Francisco Franco fighting off Communists. Hitler and Mussolini sent troops to help Franco. Seen as a way to test out equipment and soldiers. Spain considered allies in WWII, but Spain is actually neutral.
Tripartite Pact- signed forming Axis Powers (Japan, Germany, Italy, etc.) Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary
Italy's goals- recreate the Roman empire
Take over British colonies in Northern Africa, Middle east, Mediterranean sea, etc.
Italy easily takes over Albania
Italy invades Greece, Germany helps
Italy during WWII > taking over Africa. first place war takes place
Italy gets defeated in 1943
Germany takes over Italy after they surrender
1945 Germans surrender in Italy
Italy had a weak military so they lost
410,000 Italian deaths
$94 billion spent
Italy had to stay a democracy after 1943 when they joined the League of Nations
US gave millions to Italy from the Marshall Plan to rebuild]
Became a member of NATO in 1949
NATO- Our alliance with Europe
Became a member of the United Nations in 1955
GERMANY
Paul Van Hindenburg- Didn't like Hitler, but he was receiving pressure because Nazism was popular
Hindenburg died of natural causes
Hitler took power after his death by dismantling the government
The Final Solution- plan to kill Jews
Lebensraum(Living space)- Hitler wanted to take Ukraine for the Aryan race to spread to because it had good farmland, a lot of space and access to the black sea
Hitler:
Born in 1889
Dropped out of high school
Both parents died early in his life
Fought for Germany in WWI
Blinded by gas attack
Blamed people for loss of WWI
National Socialist German Workers Party(NSGWP)- Nazi party
Committed suicide on April 30, 1945
Joseph Goebbels- propaganda
He had to keep people from publishing damaging things about the Nazi party
Made sure propaganda was spread everywhere for everyone to see Nazism
Hitler youth- mandatory youth camps teaching Nazism
Hitler was way too confident
Lost the war at the battle of Stalingrad
Battle of France
Battle of Moscow
Operation Barbarossa- German invasion of Soviet Union 1941
Battle of Britain
After war Germany was in ruins
No food, no wealth, no government, pretty much nothing left of Germany
Changed how Germany is today quite a bit
Germany lost a lot of land in the Treaty of Versailles
German military was dismantled
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