Feb. 20, 2013

[5thRHIANA]

NOTES CONTINUED from Feb. 13 and Feb. 14

Renaissance buildings and other

Sistine Chapel

• Named after Pope Sixtus VI
• Michelangelo completed the chapel’s ceiling in 4 years.
• The Cardinals are housed there to debate on who will become the next pope.
• Black smoke for the chapel means that the Pope died, and white smoke means that they have elected a new pope.
• Located in the Vatican City
• No photography is allowed in it now
• Pope Julius the II paid Michelangelo with indulgences (which is when you can pay to have time off of Purgatory)

 

St Peter’s Basilica

• Located in the Vatican city
• Named after St. Peter
• The current Basilica is actually the second one
• 100+ tombs including 91 popes are buried here
• There is a door that is only open on holy years, it’s called the holy door.
• Bronze canopy that is rumored to be taken from the Parthenon.

 

Church of San Spirito

• Located in Florence, Italy
• Brunelleschi is the architect
• Brunelleschi meant for it to be a “twin” to San Lorenzo but the façade was never completed.
• Original building was destroyed in the 13^th century.
• A fresco of the Crucifixion is located in this church.

 

Florence Cathedral

• The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower)
• Located in Florence Italy
• 3^rd largest Christian church in the world
• Completed in the mid 15^th century
• Very unique and interesting bell tower.

 

El Escorial

• Located in Spain
• Official residence of the emperor of Spain
• Many different buildings inside or around it:

-Basilica

-Palace of Philip II

-Hall of Battles

-Pantheon of Kings

-Pantheon of Princes

 

Tempietto of San Pietro

• Located in Rome Italy
• Built in early 16^th century
• A very small church
• Has a round dome
• Michelangelo had a hand in the painting of this building
• Could be the site of St. Peter’s crucifixion, some centuries could be the site of crucifixion some centuries after it was built

 

Wollaton Hall

• Located in Nottingham, England
• Built in the late 16^th century
• Architect was Smythson
• Was funded by Sir Francis Willoughby
• It was his family’s house where they would live for centuries.

 

Italian Merchant Class and merit

• A wealthy merchant class developed in Italy.
• Many successful merchant believed they deserved power and wealth because of their individual merit.
• This belief of individual achievement or merit became very important during the Renaissance time period, not just for merchants. (also explorers, authors, architects, mathematicians, scientists)

 

Medici Family

• A very powerful banking family
• In Italy
• Cosimo de Medici was the wealthiest European of his time
• He used his wealth to win control of the Italian government in 1434.
• He was the dictator of Florence for 30 years.

In your group, research the Medici Family and St. Paul’s Cathedral in the U.K. and write in Paragraphs. I researched the Medici Family

Renaissance Notes Continued from 2-13-2013

Problems

• During this period, the vast majority of people could not read or write.
• Schools were generally pretty expensive compared to the current system now.
• The families that could afford schooling would generally only send their boys.

Women's Rights

• Christine de Pizan
  • Very highly educated at the time and was one of the only women to earn a living as a writer.
  • She would question why boys and girls were treated differently.
  • One of a few authors that would promote women's rights.
  • She thought that both male and female should receive the same formal education, however this goal was not achieved for a few more centuries

Johann Gutenberg

• Around 1440 Gutenberg developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies
• He was a German.
• using this press he was able to print out a complete bible the Gutenberg bible around 1455

Legacy of Renaissance

• New art techniques that were being used.
• Paining and sculptures portrayed individuals in a more life-like way.
• Artists created works that were secular and religious.
• The Arts praised for the individual achievement.
• A critic is someone who evaluates the art of an artist.

Changes in society due to Renaissance

• Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive.
• A greater availability of books prompted a new desire for learning.
• Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts to further discoveries in many fields.
• People began to question political structures and religious practices.
• Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights as citizens.

Renaissance Notes

• Renaissance means "re-birth"
• Italian: Rinascimento, "to be reborn"
• It is the cultural rebirth in Western Europe
• It is very influential movement from the 14th to 17th Centuries
• Mainly started in Italy

Authors

• William Shakespeare
  • He wrote Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and Macbeth
  • Known as the best writer ever in the English language and some argue the best author of all time.
  • England
• Miguel de Cervantes
  • Wrote Don Quixote
  • From Spain

Explorers

• Christopher Columbus
  • Sailed the Atlantic in 1942 and discovered the West Indies
  • He was funded by Spain even though the wasn't from Spain
  • From Italy
• Ponce de Leon
  • Spanish Conquistador around the current day Florida
  • Looked for the fountain of youth
  • Spain
• Magellan
  • Portuguese
  • Captaining the first circumnavigation expedition
• De Gama
  • Explored in the Cape of Good Hope
  • Portuguese

Artists

• Michelangelo
  • Artist
  • Painter
  • Italy
  • Statue of David
• Da Vinci
  • Artist
  • Painter
  • Italy
  • Mona Lisa

Philosophers

• Sir Francis Bacon
  • English
  • Philosopher
  • The New Atlantis
• Sir Isaac Newton
  • Philosopher
  • Known for science revolution (3 laws of motion)

Mathematics

• Galileo Galilei
  • Known for improvement to the telescope
  • Italian
• Kepler
  • Used both science and math to come up with the first law of planetary motion
  • German

A.B. #2 SEE ASSIGNED BLOG #2-Rhiana Chickering Pick a historical building during the Renaissance period 61 sec and 5 paragraphs

Explain Emportance by:

Who built it?

Where it is built?

Why it was built

When was it built?

I have queens house.

Authors

Shakespeare

John Webster-wrote about the devil

Myles Coverdale

Don Quijote

Ben Johnson—book of alchemy

Explorers

Marco Polo

Ferdinand Magellen

King Ferdinand

Christopher Columbus

Fountain of Youth

Philosophers (OUR SKIT)

Nicolaus Copernicus- Kendra

• formulated a comprehensive heliocentric model which placed the sun at the center of the universe rather than the earth
• Went to the University of Bologna

Francis Bacon - Amy

• father was the Lord Keeper of the Seal
• left school to work for a British ambassador to France.
• promoted the title of the Lord Chancellor (highest political office in England)
• best known for the promotion of the scientific method.
• wrote a book which was first published in 1597.
• from London, England.
• Emphasized that religion and science should be kept separate.

Robert Boyle- Brittany

• Regarded as the first modern chemist
• One of the founders of modern chemistry
• Best known for Boyle’s Law
• Wrote, The Sceptical Chymist-cornerstone book in the field of chemistry
• natural philosopher
• Irish
• Alchemist-believed in transmutation
• left money to defend the Christian religion

Niccolò Machiavelli-Rhiana Chickering

• Saw troubles of French invasion
• Florentine Histories,Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius (commonly known as The Discourses), a Life of Castruccio Castrancani (unfinished), History of the Affairs of Lucca. The Golden Ass of Apuleius, an essay on the Italian language, the play Mandragola, and Seven Books on the Art of War.
• Built generalizations from experience and historical facts.
• Stated that it was best to be loved and feared
• He was founder of modern political science and political ethics.
• Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer in Florence during the Renaissance.
• He wanted a strong central government.
• Faked his own death
• He served fourteen years as secretary to the Chancery of Florence.
• He observed and reported back to his government on the size, composition, weaponry, morale, and logistical capabilities of the most effective militaries of his time.
• Profession, best known for, where your from

Michel de Montaigne- Liz

• made the essay a literary genre
• father of modern skepticism
• merged intellectual exercises with anecdotes
• politician and author
• “Que scay-je” (“What do I know?” or “Whatever”)

Dalton - Newton
an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by another force. I will throw this object farther than any of you because if i throw it at the right angle its the perfect mix between height and distance. I will definitely win this event.

Questions you need to know at the end:

• What your profession is?
• What you’re best known for/ biggest accomplishment?
• Where you are from?

Artists

Michael Angelo

Rafael

Leonardo Divinchi

Andrea Polotio

Danatello