Monday- talked about semester tests. Started WWI
alliance- friends in war time; not gonna hurt each other during wars
Kaiser Wilhelm- Germany
•Be able to identify characteristics of Europe in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
- very nationalistic
- willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- industrialization was occurring
- population was increasing
- people were moving from rural areas to the city- urbanization
- many people were in poverty
- due to poverty, many people turned to labor unions and socialism
- countries competed with one another for markets, raw materials and colonies
- countries also traded a lot with each other
- Imperialism became common
- created "spheres of influence" in Africa and Asia
- Alliances developed
- Triple Alliance
- Germany, Austria- Hungary & Italy
- Triple Entente
- Great Britain, France, & Russia
- Triple Alliance
- Armies and Navies were built up (militarism)
•Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war
•Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WWI and what alliance they belonged to
•Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that
•Be able to identify the event that started WWI
•Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
•Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
•Be able to analyze WWI propaganda, identify it goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
•Be able to identify how the convoy system works and the effectiveness of it
•Be able to identify the importance of key people: Woodrow Wilson, Charles Evans Hughes, John Pershing, Ferdinand Foch, Bernard Baruch, Herbert Hoover, George Creel
•Be able to identify the costs of the war: US and grand total
•Be able to identify the actions we took at home to mobilize our country for war
•Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was
•Be able to describe Wilson’s 14 Points
•Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
•Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
Tuesday-
MINES-Assassination
- Militarism
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
- Economic Competition- resources, sell products, countries competing to make money
- Alliances- Added fuel to distrust to countries
- Powderkeg of Europe- Southwestern Europe
- Problems with ethnic groups
Austria Hungary-
- Multi-national, dual monarchy
- Austrians and Hungarians were largest
- Both made up less than 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions, and customs
- The government hated nationalism, Why?
- The government despised Serbians and Serbia
- "The Serbian Menace"
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary, part of a "Greater Serbia"
- The Black Hand was created in Serbia
- -secret organization whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necessary
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand an his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo, igniting the Powderkeg, starting WWI
Chain of Events
- Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
- Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
- Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
- Only after Germany gives them a promise of support
- Russia mobilizes war on Russia
- Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two-fronted war?
- Why would Germany want to avoid a two-fronted war
- Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two-fronted war?
- France enters war to help Russia
- Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium
WWI War Goals-
- There weren't any real goals at first, but as time went on and causalities and costs increased, winning territory was a must.
- France-
- took land from Germany and other countries
- crippled Germany's military
- get German colonies in Africa
- get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
- Great Britain-
- Get German colonies in Africa
- Get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
- Italy-
- wanted land from Austria-Hungary
- Russia-
- Wanted land from Turkey
- Austria-Hungary
- Self preservation
- Germany-
- Wanted part of France
- wanted Luxembourg and Belgium
- wanted most of Western Russia
- make Austria-Hungary and the Balkans a "sphere of influence"
- take over French and British colonies in Africa
- United States-
- Win and end the war
- Wilson's 14 points
Thursday-
•Be able to describe what fighting was like in WWI
Three types of trench- Ditch
- Front line
- Support
- Reserve
- "No Man's Land" -Area you didn't want to be in
- Defensive style of fighting
- Stopped German to advance towards France
Weapons-
- Bayonet
- Grenade
- Pineapple grenade
- Gas mask
- Pistols
- Flamethrowers
- Machine Guns-Too big to carry, more defensive weapon
- Gas Warfare
- Gas
- Tear gas (Lachrymator)
- Chlorine gas (Asphyxiant)
- Mustard gas (Blistering Agent) Worst gas
- Tanks- Beginning technology
- Artillery- Attack opposite trenches
- Submarines/U-boats(under the sea boat)
- Zeppelins
- Zeppelin Bombs
- Battleships
- Floating Mines
- Airplanes
- Animals at war
Turkish Massacre of the Armenians-
- Turks were enemy in WWI
- Turkey forced Armenians out and to a different area
- We were going to call a genocide
- Ethnic cleansing, a lot died
•Be able to analyze WWI propaganda, identify it goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
•Be able to identify how the convoy system works and the effectiveness of it
•Be able to identify the importance of key people: Woodrow Wilson, Charles Evans Hughes, John Pershing, Ferdinand Foch, Bernard Baruch, Herbert Hoover, George Creel
•Be able to identify the costs of the war: US and grand total
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
Neutrality- Not picking sides
- President Wilson declared that the US was to be neutral when WWI broke out
- 1) "Impartial in thought as well as in action"
- 2. Neutrality was successful for three years
1916 Election-
- Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) - Incumbent
- Charles Evans Hughes (Republican)
- ----- Wilson won
- Platform was: "He kept us out of war"
•Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
- Great Britain and Germany were both stopping US ships
- Eventually, US drew closer to war and the Allies
- WHY?
- German sinking of British ships and killing of US citizens
- Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
Sussex Pledge-
- President Wilson to Germany: "End the attack on unarmed ships or risk the severing of diplomatic relations"
- Germany responded on May 4, 1916 with the "Sussex Pledge." German submarine policy:
- End the sinking of passenger ships
- Search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships
- The German guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
Zimmerman Note
- Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the US
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
- Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe
Trade with England increased-
- Trade with Germany decreased as years went on
- $3 billion in 1916 with England
- Beliefs of War Hawks
- Teddy Roosevelt
- British and American Propaganda
- Preparedness Program (1915)
- US started arming and preparing for war
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