- Imperialism
- when a strong country takes over a smaller country
- European countries wanted part of Asia and most of Africa
- other place
- Militarism
- countries intermationally were growing their armies
- wanted to protect empirs and colonies
- further national pride
- Tried to out-do each other
- weapons, amount of men, ect.
- 1914 most allied nations had strong, well built military
- Germany attempted to build a more stronger navy than Great Britian
- Nationalism
- havein strong pride for the nation
- Austria-Hungary=one main focal point of nationalistic tendencies
- Almost 40 nationalities
- important ones: Czechs, Slovakians, Poles, and Slavs
- Austrian and Hungary= main power
- This caused resntment to other nationalities
- Resentment made nationalities want to break away from the Empire
- Russia was a Slavic nation
- Encouraged Slavs to break away from A-H Empire a few times
- Alliances-Triple Entente
- Great Britian
- France
- Russia
- How it formed:
- Germany refused to sign a peace treaty with Russia
- France was almost to war between Germany and another hostile European Central Power
- GB and France made peace
- Triple Alliance
- Germany
- A-H
- Italy
- France made it so Italy couldn't advance forward by controlling Tunis
- upset Italy
- Alliances
- Allied Powers
- Japan
- US
- Great Britian
- France
- Russia
- Italy
- Central Powers
- Germany
- A-H
- Ottoman Empire
- Kingdom of Bulgaria
- Allied Powers
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the Major countries involved?
-USA Golas
- Make WWI the very last of wars
- USA wanted to peacfully end the war
- USA wanted to stop unrestricted warfare by the Germans
- Make the world safe for democracy
-Germany's Goals
- wanted Great Britain's territories in Africa
- Isolate France
-Austro-Hungarian's Goals
- Control Serbia
- Control the Ottoman Empire
- Defend the Border between Italy and Austria-Hungary
-French Goals
- Average previous Military defeats
- Cripple German industrial capacity
- Become the Dominate Continental Power-they really werent
- Great Britain's goals
- Maintain Superpower Status, as #1 Nation in the world
- Abate the german threat
- protect France and Belgium
-Italy's Goals
- Take over germany's colomies in Africa
- Divert attention from Domestic Issues
-Russia's Goals
- Eliminate Germany
- Gain control of the Bosphorus
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to the US involvment?
- Battle of Guise
- Battle of Guise-St. Quentin
- started by French Army
- 8/29/1914
- French and Germany fought
- Germany won
- Battle of Cambri- 1917
- tanks were first used and became popular
- Germany and UK
- stalemate
- First battle of Champagne- 1914
- French commander was determined to win
- France and Germany
- stalemate
- Battle of Mulhouse
- August 7, 1914
- strategie plan 17
- french were really good at battle tactics
- Germany and French- French offensive (French attacked germany)
- Germany won
- Battle of Verdun
- Britian was Germans biggest competiton
- france was Britains greasts ally
- if french were defeated then british was defeated as well
- Henri-philippe Petain- french General
- Feburary21,1916-December 19, 1916
- was on of the lengnthies battles
- French won
- Battle of the LiegeBattle of Somme
- first battle of WWI
- commanded by Karl von Bulow the Liege in Belgium
- Germany's 2nd army of 320,000 men
- Why?
- to get to France
- Attacke started on August 5, 1914
- Balgiams still controlled m the end of the day
- On August 15, Germany won the battle and continued to France
- July 1, 1916- november
- it was a plan by the British to inflict heavy losses to the German Army
- To help ou the French at Verdun
- General for the British was Douglas Haig
- Generals for the Germans were Max Von Galwitz and Fritz Von Below
- it started with a week long artillery bonbardment at the Germans. 1,738,000 shells were fired at Germans
- British-420,000 casualties
- Germans- 600,000 casualties
- French- 200,000 casualties
- Theory of Attrition
- British and French won- 30 mile strip that was 7 miles deep at most
- Battle of Ypres
- October 19-November 22,1914
- Great Britian, France, Belgium, and Germany
- Stratigic position
- to the north of ypres, canals and river link ypres to the ocean
- all major roads converged at Ypres
- to the south the land rises 50 ft/ mesen ridge
- Fighting and Casualties
- Fighting was fierce and niether side could claim Ypres
- Weather made fighting difficult because of all the mud
- Germans attacked with deadly chlorine gas
- Canadians used hankerchiefs soaked in water to protect themselves
- Casulties-Totla deaths on both sides was 1.7 million
- the Allies won when the Americans joined in 1917
- the last shot was fired on October 14, 1918
5. What were some of the major naval battles?
- The Norht Sea
- Main body of naval war
- Britian tried blocking Germany off from trade and reasources
- The First Battle of Heligoland Bight
- August 28, 1914
- Uk vs. Germany
- First maval battle of WWI
- UK- 35 killed 55 wounded 1 ight cruiser heavily damaged
- Germany- 712 killed 149 wounded 336 captured
- Cyser willhelm
- Battle of Coronel
- November 1, 1914
- UK vs. Germany
- UK- 1,570 men killed 2 cruisers lost and general was killed
- Germany 3 wounded
- Battle of the Falkland Islands
- December 8, 1914
- Britian vs. Germany
- UK- 10 killed 19 wounded no ships lost
- German- 1,8 71 killied 215 captured general died
6. What were ther US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
- Unrestricted submarine warfare was the main reason-april 2
- Woodrow wilson- wanted the US to remain neutral in this conflict, US entered and declared war on April 6
- Lusitania
- attacked by German Uboats
- 1of 90 ships destroyed by german uboats
- 1200people kille 128 americans
- Arther Zimmerman
- Zimmerman note
- sent january 16, 1917
- sent german secretary Zimmerman to Mexico
- Mexico to regain land
- convinced congress to declare war against Germany-1917
- proposed a military alliance against theUS
- statin the US was in danger of war
7. What were the causes for the US involvment?-on #6
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI? MINE
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
- Rifle
- Advantages
- most widely used
- 1400 meters was average range
- could be operated by one soldier
- Disadvantages
- Accuracy was only 600 meters
- had to take time to refill it
- Machine Gun
- Advantages
- kill many people at once
- long range
- other countries had to make ne fighting strategies
- Disadvantages
- Ammunition was heavy
- Gun itself was bigger and heavier
- Inaccurate compare to rifle
- often got overheated
- took 2-3 people to move and fire
- Germany- best
- French- worst
- Bayonets
- Adv.
- new ones were produced enabling soldiers to shoot with bayonet still in place
- Defensive weapon
- used with close contact fighting
- used for food
- Dis
- Not everyone was well trained with the bayonet
- risk getting shot
- Gas
- Adv.
- kill many people at once
- Dis
- Gas masks
- had to carry around
- ran out fast
- First used by the french
- Grenades
- Adv.
- killed people in large amounts
- could be thrown into an exact location
- Dis
- Tiring to carry around
- ran out quickly
- Torpedoes
- Used by submarines
- Germans used them
- Used to blow up ships from America-Britain
- Zeppelin
- Air Ship (Blimp)
- Rigid so it could be bigger
- Powerful engines
- Metal
- gasbags with helium
- carried weapons
- abandoned quickly
- Planes
- Adv
- weapons could be delivered fast to the soldiers
- spied on other people
- Dis
- could be shot down
- "Dog fights" (fighter planes)
- Tanks
- Used for the first time in WW1
- Needed 3 people
- Max speed- 3mph
- couldnt cross trenches
- new tanks wer made toward the end of the war
11. Describe trench warfare.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
Comments