WOLRD WAR I
•Be able to identify characteristics of Europe in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
- Very nationalistic
- Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- Industralization was occurring
- Population was increasing
- People were moving from rural areas to the city
- Due to the speed of change, traditional values and religion became less important
- Propaganda was common
- Democratic governments increased
- More people could vote (the poor)
- Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- Industralization was occurring
- Population was increasing
- People were moving from rural areas to the city
- Due to the speed of change, traditional values and religion became less important
- Propaganda was common
- Democratic governments increased
- More people could vote (the poor)
- Educating the masses was important
•Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war MINES (Anadiendo todas estas hacen que el mundo sea muy peligroso)
- Militarism
- Imperialism
- Nationalism:
* I taly unified in 1861
* Germany unified in 1871
- Economic competition
* Great Britain, france and Germany were competing for money and power
* See Africa and Asian maps
- Aliances
* If countries are froming alliances, what does that say about the world
- Nationalism:
* I taly unified in 1861
* Germany unified in 1871
- Economic competition
* Great Britain, france and Germany were competing for money and power
* See Africa and Asian maps
- Aliances
* If countries are froming alliances, what does that say about the world
(Assassination)
•Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WWI and what alliance they belonged to
Germany Austria Hungry, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
United States not came until 1917
United States not came until 1917
Austria and Hungry:
- It was a multi-national, dual monarchy
- It had eleven major ethnic groups
* Both made up less than 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions and customs
- The government hated nationalism because
- The government despised Serbians and Serbia
* "The Serbian Menace"
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary, part of a "Greater Serbia"
- The black hand was created in Serbia
* Secret organization whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necesary
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo, igniting the Powderked
- It was a multi-national, dual monarchy
- It had eleven major ethnic groups
* Both made up less than 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions and customs
- The government hated nationalism because
- The government despised Serbians and Serbia
* "The Serbian Menace"
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary, part of a "Greater Serbia"
- The black hand was created in Serbia
* Secret organization whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necesary
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo, igniting the Powderked
•Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that
- Is the Balkan Peninsula, because a lot of countries that didn't like each other, they all wanted their own independence
•Be able to identify the event that started WWI
- Assessination of Archduke ferdinand
- Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
- Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
* Only after Germany gives them a primise of support
- Russia mobilizes to support Serbia
- Germany declares war on Russia
* Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two-fronted war?
- France declares war to help Russia
- Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium
- Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
- Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
* Only after Germany gives them a primise of support
- Russia mobilizes to support Serbia
- Germany declares war on Russia
* Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two-fronted war?
- France declares war to help Russia
- Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium
•Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
- France wanted a buffer, cripple Germany's military, get German colonies in Africa, get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
- Great Britain wanted get German colonies in Africa, Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
- Italy wanted land from Austria-Hungary
- Russia wanted Land of Turkey
- Austria-Hungary wanted to survive
- Germany wanted land from France, wanted Luxembourg and Belgium, msot of the western Russia
- USA wanted win and end the war, Wilson's 14 points
- Great Britain wanted get German colonies in Africa, Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
- Italy wanted land from Austria-Hungary
- Russia wanted Land of Turkey
- Austria-Hungary wanted to survive
- Germany wanted land from France, wanted Luxembourg and Belgium, msot of the western Russia
- USA wanted win and end the war, Wilson's 14 points
•Be able to describe what fighting was like in WWI
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
HOMEFRONT
War industries Board
- Headed by Bernard Baruch
- regulated industry in US
- Encouraged mass profuction
- Under the War Industries Board, industrial production in the US increased 20 percent
War industries Board
- Headed by Bernard Baruch
- regulated industry in US
- Encouraged mass profuction
- Under the War Industries Board, industrial production in the US increased 20 percent
FOOD ADMINISTRATION
- Headed by Herbert Hoover
- Urged people to conserve food
- Had "meatless days" and "wheatiless days"
- "Victory gardens" were planted by schools and hornes
- Prevented hoarding of food by people
- "Food is Ammunition-Don't waste it"
- Headed by Herbert Hoover
- Urged people to conserve food
- Had "meatless days" and "wheatiless days"
- "Victory gardens" were planted by schools and hornes
- Prevented hoarding of food by people
- "Food is Ammunition-Don't waste it"
•Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
•Be able to analyze WWI propaganda, identify it goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
Proaganda is persuasive advertising
For buy products or participate in situations
For buy products or participate in situations
COMMITE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION (George)
- Goal was to influence US public opinion to support World War I in their own way
- Had a huge propaganda campaign to do so
- The comminttee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message
- Americanized German words:
* German Measles-liberty measles
* hamburger liberty steak
- Goal was to influence US public opinion to support World War I in their own way
- Had a huge propaganda campaign to do so
- The comminttee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message
- Americanized German words:
* German Measles-liberty measles
* hamburger liberty steak
NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD
- Settled disputes between workers and employers
- Discouraged strikes
- "Work or fight"
- Headed by Taft
- Settled disputes between workers and employers
- Discouraged strikes
- "Work or fight"
- Headed by Taft
•Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was
- The meeting of the Allied victors following the end of WWI to set the peace terms for germany and other defeated nations
- It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats frm more than 29 countries
- They came up with a series of treaties ("Peace of Paris Treaties") that reshaped the map of Europe and imposed penalties on Germnay
- It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats frm more than 29 countries
- They came up with a series of treaties ("Peace of Paris Treaties") that reshaped the map of Europe and imposed penalties on Germnay
•Be able to describe Wilson’s 14 Points
- The 14 points was speech delivered by President Wilson.
- The speech became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
- Other Allied countries did not like the 14 points as they thought it was too easy on Germany
- The actual Treaty of Versailles had little to do with the 14 points and s was never retifiled
14 POINTS:
1 An end to secret treaties
2 Freedom of the seas
3 Free trade for all countries
4 Disarmament
5 End to colonial claims
6 Self-determination for all countries- Russia
7 Restoration of Belgiun
8 Restoration of France
9 Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
10 Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomus development
11 Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and reastored
12 Tukey should be sovereign (independent)
- The 14 points was speech delivered by President Wilson.
- The speech became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
- Other Allied countries did not like the 14 points as they thought it was too easy on Germany
- The actual Treaty of Versailles had little to do with the 14 points and s was never retifiled
14 POINTS:
1 An end to secret treaties
2 Freedom of the seas
3 Free trade for all countries
4 Disarmament
5 End to colonial claims
6 Self-determination for all countries- Russia
7 Restoration of Belgiun
8 Restoration of France
9 Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
10 Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomus development
11 Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and reastored
12 Tukey should be sovereign (independent)
13 Poland would be given their independence
14 The "League of Nations" would be developed
14 The "League of Nations" would be developed
•Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
Territorial Losses
- The following land was taken away from germany:
-The Leauge of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies
- Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Some of this land was made into new states
- The following land was taken away from germany:
-The Leauge of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies
- Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Some of this land was made into new states
Military losses
- germanys army was reduced to 100000 men, the army was not allowed tanks
- Germany was not allowed an airforce
- Germany was allowed only 6 capital anval ships and no submarines
- The Rhineland area was made into a demilitarized zone.
Financial losses
- The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal frm the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
- Germany had to pay $44 billion in war reparations
- Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one country
- Germany was not allowed an airforce
- Germany was allowed only 6 capital anval ships and no submarines
- The Rhineland area was made into a demilitarized zone.
Financial losses
- The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal frm the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
- Germany had to pay $44 billion in war reparations
- Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one country
General
- Germany had to admit full responsability for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous "War Guilt Clause"
- Germany had to accept the "War guilt clause" and take blame for WWI
- A leauge of nations was set up to keep world peace
- Germany had to accept the "War guilt clause" and take blame for WWI
- A leauge of nations was set up to keep world peace
•Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
- Five permanent members (G.B, France, Italy, U.S., Japan)
- Four non-permanent members that rotated
- All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration and settlement
- If member nation ignored, League could take action
- What type of action? ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
- France wanted an international army but US and GB did not
- Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
- US never joined- why?
- Republicans thought it would pull US into European wars.
- Congress was concerned it would lose its power to declare a war.
US NEVER PASSES THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES – WHY NOT?
- Concern over the League of Nations
- Politics
US signed the US-GERMAN Peace Treaty in 1921
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