December 5 (Monday)- Work day on project
December 6 (Tuesday)- Another work day
December 7 (Wednesday)- Started 11.1. Notes below.
December 8 (Thursday)- Took notes on 11.2
December 9 (Friday)- Took notes on 11.3
Key Questions:
- Describe Justinian's impact during this time.
- What is a code?
- Why did the two sides split and form new churches?
- How did the Plague start?
- How did the plague make the Byzantine Empire vulnerable to foreign attacks
- What caused the downfall of the empire?
- The plague, weak leaders, and invasions
The Start of the Byzantine Empire
- The Roman Empire was split into East and West in 395 AD
- The West became known as the Byzantine Empire
- Capital was Byzantium
- Then changed to Constantinople
- Today's Istanbul
Justinian
- Uncle was Justin I a past emperor of Constantinople
- Became new emperor in 518
- Gained the title of Caesar
Sent Belisarius to reclaim North Africa, and then later Rome
Belisarius Take Back
- Belisarius took a small force to retake North Africa from the Vandals
- His victory there made Justinian then send him to take back Rome and Italy from the Ostrogoths
- After this, Rome changed hands 6 times in 16 years
Byzantine Emperors
- THeir politics were brutal
- Lived in constant fear of assassination
- Out of the 88 Byzantine Emperors 29 died violently and 13 abandoned the throne to live in monasteries
Life in the New Rome
- Justinian set up a panel of legal experts to regulate Byzantium's increasingly complex society
- The panel went through 400 years of Roman law
Justinian Code
- After the Justinian Code was completed the code contained four parts
- A code is a general system of laws
- Even though Justinian himself died in 565, his code served the Byzantine Empire for 900 years
The 4 Parts of Justinian Code
- The Code contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still considered useful for the Byzantine Empire
- The Digest quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome's greatest legal thinkers about the laws
- The Institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws
- The Novellae (New Laws) presented legislation passed after 534
Constantinople
- Justinian rebuilt the crumbling fortifications of Constantinople, his workers constructed a 14-mile stone wall
- Constantinople was the capital city of the empire
The Church Divides
- Lack of communication
- Political conflicts
- Different beliefs
- Roman Catholic Church
- Eastern Orthodox Church
- In 1054 officially splits
Roman Catholic
- Services are conducted in Latin
- The pope has authority over all other bishops
- The pope claims authority over all kings and emperors
- Priests may not marry
- Divorce is not permitted
Eastern Orthodox
- Services are conducted in Greek or local languages
- The patriarch and other bishops head the Church as a group
- The emperor claims authority over the patriarch and other bishops of the empire
- Priests may be married
- Divorce is allowed under certain conditions
Similarities from Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
- They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the Bible
- They use sacraments such as baptism
- Their religious leaders are priests and bishops
- They seek to convert people
Byzantine Missionaries Adapt the Slavs
- Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril
- The forests North of the Black Sea
- Invented an alphabet
The Fall of the Empire
- They lasted a total of 1,000 years after the fall of Rome
- After Justinian's death his successors took over and were in debt so the heavily taxed their citizens
- After Justinian's death riots in the city, religion, and foreign attacks
- They also lost the hold land Syriato the Muslm armies along with Egypt and North Africa
The Plague
- May have started from rat from India ships carrying the Bubonic Plague
- Got to the point of where it was killing 10,000 people everyday
- The made the Byzantine Empire weak
Attacks on Byzantine Empire
- Some of the factors why they Byzantine empire fell was the death of Justinian plague and many attacks from other groups
- Other groups such as the Russians, Muslums, and many others
Russia:
Key Questions:
- How was Russia Created?
- Who was Vladimir and what did he do?
- What problems caused Kiev to decline?
- Why do you think the Mongols and Russians not wage war?
- Describe the rise of Russia Empire.
Birth
- Tribes of Slavic Farmers/Traders
- No political unity
- West Ural Mountains
Swamps (North)/Forests (North)/Plains (South) - Dnieper, Don, Volga River trade
- In the 800's
- Small group of Varangians or Rus
- Down from North
- Likely Vikings
- Built forts along rivers
- Russia comes from Rus
- The Slavs invited the Viking chief Rurik to be their king
- Novgorod was the first city
Vladimir
- Full Name: Vladimir Sviatoslavich
- Considered change to Christianity
- Sent groups to observe different religions
- Sent to Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity
Religion
- After being told of Byzantine Empire he converted
- All of his subject also converted
- Baptized in Dnieper River
- Vladimir imported teachers from Byzantines
- Vladimir has power over the church
Klev's Power and Decline
- Vladimir was the ruler of Kiev from 980 to 1015
- Vladimir led the way to Kiev's power
- Vladimir expanded his state west into Poland and North almost to the Baltic Sea
- Yaroslave the Wise- 1019 til 1054
- Built the first library in Kiev
- His sisters and brothers married to kings, princes, and princesses of Western Europe
- It helped Yaroslav to forge important trading alliances
- Yaroslav divided his realm among his sons, instead of following the custom of passing on the throne to the eldest son
- The sons tore the state apart by fighting for the territories
- The Crusades were clashes between Christian and Muslims for controls of the Holy Lands of the Middle East that began in 1095
- Which made it worse to Kiev's troubles by disruping the trade
The Mongol Invasions
- Horsemen from Central Asia
- Slashed their way to Russia
- Mongol's defeated Kiev
- Under Mongol control
- Keep all normal Customs
- But could make no attempt to rebel
Russia Breaks Free
- Moscow was first founed in 1157 BC
- Crude Log Walls
- Waterways: Volga River, Dnieper River, and Don River
- Great Princes
- Ivan "Moneybag" Danilovich
- "Czar" Ivan III Vasilyevich
- Challenging Mongol Rule
- Ivan made a final break with the Mongols
- Ugra Rier
- Bloodless Battle
- 150 mile march
- Liberation
Turkish Empires/Rise in Antolia
Key Questions:
- Describe the rise of the Turkish Empire
- How did the Abbasids start to loose power?
- How did the Turks come to power?
- What were the Crusades and how did they happen
- What effect did the Crusades have on the Turkish Empire and the Middle East?
- Describe the impact the Seljuk Turks had on Asia/Europe (Including Crusades)
- Describe the impact that the Mongols had on Asia/Russia
Abbasids Fall
- Muslim empire that ruled Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and parts of Persia
- Very powerful but they struggled to maintain control of their empire
- Lost control of Egypt after losing Morocco, Tunisia, and parts of Persia
- Persian armies went to the Abbasids capital and overthrew the Abbasid ruler (Caliph)
The Conquering Seljuks
- Chinese said that there were these people called Tu-Kiu living west of their borders
- They said that the Tu-Kiu were the Turks
- Towards the 20th Century the Turks began to convert to Islam and moving to the weakened Abbasid Empire
- Turkish groups were known as the Seljuks
- The Seljuks grew in number and strength
The Turks secure Persian Support
- Shortly after conquering the Persian, Seljuk rulers accepted the support of the perisan empire
- Even former Persian had lead roles in the Turkish empire
The Turks adopted Persian as the language of culture and adopted features of the Persians way of life
The Turks
- Turks were nomads- Travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock
- Rode horses and carried their goods on 2 humped camels
- Herded goats and sheep
- Lived in tents
Turkish Slaves Skills and Responsibilities
- The Abbasids wanted the Turks for their military skills
- The Abbasids bought Turkish children for slaves and to train for their soldiers
- The Abbasids liked the Turks because of their skill and they were very loyal
Malik Shah
- One of the greatest leaders of the Seljuk
- He built the Great Mosque
- Shah could be very cruel
- Blinded his brother as a punishment
- Supprted architects and artists
Seljuks and Crusaders
- Malik Shau died in 1092
- Seljuk Empire is broken up into small kingdoms
- Western Powers (Roman Catholic Church) grew stronger
The First Crusade
- Pope Urban II orders Christians to drive Turks out of Anatolia
- The West launched a counterattack on the Seljuk and other Muslim Empire for the goals of ruling Holy Land in the MIddle East
- The military campaigns were known as the Crusades
- The Crusaders control Holy Land until the Holy War
- Back and forth attacking until Muslims grew stronger
End of the Crusades
- Egypt defeats the Mongols
- Turks and Muslim forces siege Acre and drive out the Crusaders out of the Holy Land
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