December 12th-16th

[6baylee]

• December 12th-16th

  • Presentation

    • Turkish

      • Mongols

        • Group of nomadic clans along the asian steppes

        • Genghis Khan unified the mongols and conquered China

        • Eventually Khan turned towards the west and razed cities and slaughtered whole populations

        • Khans grandson Hulagu led the mongols to the outskirts of baghdad

        • Halagu would eventually take baghdad and burned downed caliph's palace and had over tens thousands of people died

        • Hulagu executed the last abbasid by having him trampled by horses

        • With brutality khan and his successors had shaped the biggest land empire in history

        • The mongols didn't know how to administering their territory

        • There lack of territory there empire only lasted a few generations

        • Out of the Rubble of the mongol empire rose another group of turks- the ottomans

        • They would come build and rule and empire that lasted into the 20th century

    • Germanics

      • The invasions that happened to Western Europe cause a lot of problems such as:

        • Disruption of Trade, Downfall of Cites, Population shifts, learning decline, loss of language

          • Disruption of trade

            • Merchants lost most of their buisnesses lost money

          • Downfall of cities

            • Cities were abandoned

          • Population shifts-

            • People left and moved to the country side

          • Learning declined

            • Germanic didnt read or write and the knowledge of greek was almost lost

          • Loss of COmmon laungage

            • New Dialects developed

        • Germanic Knowlegde Emerge

          • Kingdoms changed with the fortunes of the war

          • The Church as an institution survived the fall of Roman Empire

          • During Political chaos

            • Chuch supplied order and security

          • After the fall of rome small kingdoms started popping up all over Europe

          • Franks later controlled the largest and strongest countries

        • Gove Changes

          • Germanic cheif led a band of warriers

            • Warriors pledged loyalty to him

          • Followers (warriors) lived in their lords hall

            • Gave Necessities

          • Fought to Death

            • Disgrace to outlive

          • “Dont Know. Dont Obey”

          • Stress on personal ties to establish government for large territories

        • About Clovis

          • Founder: Merovingian Dynasty

          • King: Age 15--- Childeric dies (Salian Franks)

          • Death: 30 years later

          • Ruled: over all the FRankish tribes

          • Allies: Byzantine Empire and Christian King

        • Clovis Rules the FRanks

          • Roman Province of Gual

          • (france and Switersland)

          • Franks held the power

          • Wife; Clothide converted Clovis to her faith (Christianity)

        • Clovis Prays to win

          • Led Warriors against German Tribe

          • He feared defeat, he turned to Christian

          • Tide of the Battle changed

          • Clovis (FRanks) defeated them

          • Clovis and 3,000 of his warror s asked a bishio to batize them

        • Clovis’s Conversion

          • The Church welcomed him

            • Supported by the military

          • Clovis united the Franks of the Church

          • Clovis frankish kingdom and church started a partnership

      • Germans adopt Christianity

        • Politics played a key role

        • The church and other Frankish rulers were the converts

        • Settled in Romes former land

      • Missionaries

        • Helped spread christianity

        • Germanic and Celtics groups

          • Worked along them (border Roman Empire

        • Lots of people became Christians due to fear of Muslims (attacks)

      • Monasteries

        • Communites of monks

        • Gave up all their possessions

        • Devot their lives to jesus

        • Nuns are just like monks (convents)

      • Benedict vs Scholatica

        • Blessed (name

        • Born in christian family in the mountains northeast of Rome

        • Sent to Rome for schooling

        • Had a religion awakening

        • Twin sister

        • Shadowy figure

        • Met her brother once a year Holy Conversation

      • Gregory

        • The great

        • Became pope

        • Broadened the authority of popes office

        • Beyond the spirit role

        • Papacy-Secular- Popes/ palace was the center of Roman government

      • AN Empire Evolved

        • Clovis expanded empire to france

        • Died in 511

        • New leader emerges

        • Charles

        • Victory made him a christian hero

        • Passed empire to his son pepin the short

    • The age of Chivalry

      • Knights; warriors on horses

      • Charles Martel

        • Saw that the muslim cavalry turned the tides of battles

        • Organized Frankish troops into armoured horsemen and Knights

      • Technology of Warfare Changes j

        • Saddles and Stirrups

          • Saddles- kept the warrior firmly seated

        • Stirrups

          • Handle heavier weapons

        • Warhorses played a key military role

      • Caltrops

        • 2 inch iron spikes

        • They would throw them on the battle feild so horses would step on then and fall

      • The Warriors Role in a Fuedal Society

        • Europe was a battle ground of nobles who wanted power

        • To defend their territories, lords raised private armies

        • In return for military service, feudal lords gave them fiefs from their estates

        • Feif- a house that a fuedal lord win given to most valued warriors

      • The warriors role

        • Lords demanded 40 days of combat a year

        • Wrestling and hunting

      • Knighthood and the code of chivarly

        • Knighthood

          • Knights were expected to show courage in battle and loyalty to their lords and protect the weak and poor

          • Ideal Knights were loyal, brave, and courteous

            • Most knights failed to meet these standards

            • traeat ed poor bad

        • Code of chivalry

          • The code of chivalry stated that the knight must fight bravely in defence of three masters

            • Earthly fuedal lord, heavenly lord, chosen lady

            • Code of Chivalry- a complex set of ideals

              • To fear god maintain his church, serve the liege lord in calour and faith

              • To guard the honour of the fellow knights

        • A Knights Training

          • Sons of nobles

          • Started at age 7 and was sent to a castle of another lord

          • Was a page who waited on the host

            • Pages are servants who served meals, cleaned clothes and carried messages

          • Praticed figthing skilss with other pages usinf shields and swords

          • Ate 14 the sons became squires

            • Squire are people taking care of knights horses. Clear armour, and accompany knights to the battlefeild

          • Around 21 the squires become knights

          • After being dubbed a knight, many men travel for a year or two

          • Gain experience by fighting in local wars or mock tournaments

            • tournaments - combined recreation and combat training

            • Fierce and bloody competitions

            • Winners usually demanded large ransoms to fight

        • Dubbing Ceremony

          • The (k) night before a squire would be required to spend the night alone in prayer

          • A ceremony for bravery and skill in battle

          • Squires would kneel before a lord, knight, or king who would tap the squires shoulders with a sword

          • At the ceremony, knight would have to take an oath to honor and protect his king and church

          • After would be presented with a pair or riding spurs and a sword

        • Castles

          • By 1100 large wall and guard towers were built around castles

          • Castles dominated the countryside in western Europe

            • Home to the lord and his lady, their family and knights and other men at arms, and servants

            • Castles are fortresses designed for defense

            • Castles were taken in bloody battles

        • Warfare

          • Attacking armies used a range of weapons and strategies to force a castle to surrender

          • Defenders of the castle poured boiling water, hot oil, or molten lead on enemy soldiers

          • Archers were stationed on the roof of the castle and armed with crossbows

            • The bolts could pierce full armour

        • Literature of Chivalry

          • Themes of medieval literature downplayed the brutality of knighthood and feudal warfare

          • Many stories idealized castle life

          • Stories glorified knighthood, chivalry, tournaments, and real battles

          • Songs and poems about a knight love stories were very popular

        • Epic Poetry

          • Poems that recounted a hero's deeds and adventures that were enjoyed by lords and their ladies

          • Their form of entertainment during this time

        • Love Poems and Songs

          • Troubadours- traveling poet- missions at the castle and the court of europe

          • Composed verse and songs about the joys and sorrows of romance

          • The code of chivalry promoted a false image of knights, making them seem more romantic that brutal

        • Women's role in a Feudal Society

          • Women in general held a high importance to their society

          • But women also had the added burden of being thought inferior to men

          • Noble women

            • Could inherit an estate from her husband

            • And could send knights to war under the lords command

            • Key role in defending the castles

          • Peasants

            • Were poor and powerless

      • Power Of the Church

        • Structure

          • The church was divided into parts

            • Pope was the supreme authority

            • Clergy

            • Bishops

        • Unifying Force

          • Religion in the middle ages

            • Bonded people

            • Sacrements

              • Baptism

              • COnfirmation

              • Holy communion

              • Confession

              • Marriage

              • Holy Orders

              • Anointing the Sick

          • Was a place for worship and celebration

        • Law

          • Law of the church

            • The church had a system of justice to guide people's conduct

            • Obey canon law governs marriages and religious practices

            • Popes have the power over political leader

          • Excommunication- banishment from the church

          • Interdiction- king's subjects denied sacraments and services

        • Holy Empire

          • Emperor Charlemagne- Crowned by Pope Leo III in 800

          • Otto Il lies with the church

            • Crowned in Germany

            • Invades Italy

            • Crowned Emperor

          • Signs of Future Conflicts

            • Ottos German- Italian land between Holy Roman Empire

            • Strongest European power until 1100

        • The Emperor Clashes with the pope

          • What is Lay Investiture

            • Giving of formal ranking to clerics by the king or emperor, a layman

          • Royalty and Church

            • Church hated the lay investiture

            • Whoever controlled lay investiture held all the real power

            • The Church did not believe that kings should have that kind of power in the church

          • Pope Gregory VII

            • Pope from April until his death

          • Henry IV

            • King of the Romans and Holy Roman EMperor

          • Lay investiture controversy

            • One of the most important conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval

          • Showdown at Canossa

            • Henry was to be excommunicated

            • Henry traveled to the castle where greg was quest and begged for forgiveness

            • The pope made henry wait 3 days in the snow before ending his excommunication

            • Although greg had humiliated henry. Henry rushed him feeling triumphant

          • Concordat of Worms

            • In agreement between Henry V and Pope Calixtus II

            • Near city of Worms

            • Ended the first Phase of the Lay investiture Controversy

          • Disorder in the Empire