Monday -
WWI NOTES
Central powers - Austria Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire.
Allies - Serbia, Russia, France, UK, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Montenegro, Romania, Portugal, Cuba, U.S.
Neutral - Argentina, Chile, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Venezuela, Sweden.
Italy went to the Allies. Italy wanted to defend instead of attack so they left the Central powers and joined the allies.
Schlieffen Plan - 90% of Germany's armed forces to attack France through Belgium. The rest was sent to protect the Russian border.
Plan 17 - French army advanced into Lorraine and Ardennes. Ultimate goal was to take over Germany.
Plan 19 - Russian troops were to immediately invade Prussia to stop the advance of German troops into France.
Germany's goal for the war - They wanted to weaken France
Tuesday -
Americans stayed neutral for the first three years. They Joined the allies because they were sympathetic for them. There was an invasion of Belgium by Germany. Germany killed civilians but Britain blew it out of proportion to get the U.S involved. We historically traded more with European countries that were in the Allies. Germany used submarine warfare in the North Atlantic. There was a ship sunk by the Germans. Germans attempted to get allegiance from Mexico. The bankers industry pushed Woodrow Wilson to join WWI. Wars make profit. Propaganda.
Wednesday -
Civilian effort - victory gardens grew food for the soldiers. Speed limit was brought down in order to save gas for the soldiers. Conserving meat and other food for the soldiers. Saving materials, using less and giving more. Herbert Hoover was the head of the food administration. He made food policies for people. He made sure that the soldiers always had food. Over 18 million tons of food. There was menus for people around the country. There was a lot of propaganda that said people who didn't do this were un-american. 15% decrease in domestic food consumption. War industries board - Produced military equipment, planned for industries, regulated industries, sped up the ordering process of raw materials.
Council of National defense - consisted of secretaries of Agriculture, commerce, interior, labor, navy, war. They coordinated industrial mobilization.
George Creel - provided propaganda to convince citizens to help with the war effort.
War to end all wars
Threat to civilization itself
Economy was focused on war. Less for consumers and more for the military.
While people were watching films, they would have to change the reel. People would talk for the four minutes about the war, telling them propaganda.
Thursday -
Weapons - Airplanes were used for recon. Before this war they used hand guns and grenades. Bomber planes used luck targeting. Fighter planes used mounted guns.
War blimps were used for recon and some bombing in naval battles. Fokker Eindecker was a German plane that had a synchronized mounted gun and propeller.
Rene Fonck, Red Barron, Albert Ball were famous Aces in WWI.
Tanks - First time that they used tanks. United States, Germany, Italy, France, and United Kingdom all used Tanks.
Evolution - Leonardo Da Vinci had a drawing of it in 1480. Little Willie and Big Willie. They were really low, max was about 4 mph, very hot. noisy, hard to breath, bad communication.
Rifles - Short barrels for easy movement in the trenches.
Machine guns - 400-500 rounds per minute.
Friday -
Trench warfare - defensive strategy in northern France.
Wilson's 14 points and the Treaty of Versailles.
A speech that was given by Woodrow Wilson to end the war. He publicly announced his goals for the war.
1. Open diplomacy - No private documents. Every country could share documents with each other. No secret treaties between powers.
2. Freedom of the seas - Seas are in peace and of war. Freedom of navigation of the seas. Outside of territorial waters.
3. Removal of economic barriers - Equality of trade for all nations. Provide a system of collective for all nations.
4. Reducing armaments, removing military weapons and equipment.
5. Woodrow Wilson didn't want bigger countries to take over smaller colonies. He wanted the power to be with the people in the colonies.
6. Conquer territories in Russia. He wanted freedom for Russia, and German troops to exit.
7. Germany troops exit Belgium so they will become an independent country.
8. Restoration of French Territory. He wanted France to regain all territory. All invaded points will be restored.
9. Redrawing of the Italian Territory. They wanted Indians to move to Italy and establish a border.
10. Austria-Hungary will remain an independent country. Self determination for people living there. Opportunity for development. Gave them protection.
11. Redrawing of Balkan boundaries. Military evacuated for Balkan states. Establish borders. Serbia should have access to the sea.
12. Limitations of Turkey under possession of the Ottoman Empire are given independence. Other nations under Turkish rule are assured security.
13. Establishment of Independent Poland.
14. Creation of association of Nations. A league of nations will be formed that protects the independence of all countries. Lasted 26 years. United Nations was formed after this.
Result - Helped bring the Germans to peace talks. Treaty of Versailles was wanted by France because it was very harsh. Germany was blamed for the war. French wanted this due to Germany destroying their army.
Treaty of Versailles - France and Untied States created the Treaty of Versailles. It ended WWI and it would eventually start WWII.
Took territories from Germany
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