Monday
WWI war goals- there weren't real goals at first but winning territory was a must
France- take over Germany's military cripple colonies, create a buffer between the two
Great Britain-Get German colonies, get Turkish colonies
Italy- wanted land from Austria-Hungary
Russia-wanted control of the Dardenelle and Bosporus Straits in Turkey
Austria-Hungary-self preservation
Germany-wanted France, good chunk of Europe
United States- win and end the war, Wilson's 14 points
Objectives- US involvement
US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914-neutral
"Impartial in thought as well as in action
US stayed neutral for three years
US was very upset with both sides in war
Eventually the US drew closer to war and the Allies
German sinking of British/French ships and killing of US citizens on those ships
Sinking of the Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917
President Wilson addressed Congress in April,1916 and issued an ultimatum to the Germans: stop attacking unarmed ships or risk war
The Zimmerman note was a coded telegram sent by the Foreign secretary of the Germany
Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States
Beliefs of War Hawks- Teddy Roosevelt, Leonard Wood
Trade with England increased and Germany decreased as years went on
The US became economically tied to the war
Untied States lent Germany 27 million dollars while in lent the allies 2.3 billion
British and American Propaganda swayed public opinion against Germany
Preparedness Program-US started arming for war
American business and banks pushed the US into the war for huge profits
The Nye committee investigated the impact that big business and banks had on getting the US involved into WWI
General John "Black Jack" Pershing
American Dough boy-soldiers
The Home front- Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
Every country has their own Home front
What needs to happen on the Home front to help win a war
War Industries Board-Bernard Baruch head of the board
Regulated industry in U.S.
Encourages mass production
Under the War industries Board, industrial production in the U.S. increased 20 percent
Headed by Herbert Hoover
Urged people to conserve food
Had "meatless days" and "wheat-less" days
"victory gardens" were planted by schools and homes
Prevented hoarding of food by people
"Food is Ammunition-Don't waste it."
National War Labor Board
Settled disputes between workers and employers
Discouraged strikes
"work or fight"
Women hired during the war were to receive equal pay for equal work
Headed by William H. Taft
Committee on Public information
Goal was to influence U.S. public to support WWI in their own way
Launched a huge propaganda campaign
The committee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message
Americanized German words:
German Measles-liberty measles
Hamburger liberty steak
Sauerkraut-liberty cabbage
Major Goals of U.S. propaganda in WWI
Enlist in the military
Buy war bonds
conserve food
Encourage patriotism
Dehumanize the enemy
war bonds-how we payed for the war
WWI-the peace process
Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was
Be able to describe Wilson's 14 points
Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
The Paris peace conference was to set up the treaty of Versailles
They came up with a series of treaties that reshaped the map of Europe and the world and imposed guilt and stiff financial penalties on Germany
The Big four countries at the treaty-G.B., Italy, France, U.S.
Wilson's 14 points
a speech intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause not to be an imperialist
this is why Germany surrendered- they thought that they would not be punished
1. An end to secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free trade for all countries
4. Disarmament
5. End to colonial claims
6. Self-determination for all countries-Russia
7. Restoration of Belgium
8. Restoration of France
9. Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
10. Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
12. Turkey should be independent
13. Poland would be given their independence
14. The "League of Nations" would be developed
Treaty of Versailles-1919
The Treaty that officially ended the war with Germany
Territorial
The following land was taken away from Germany
France, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Poland
The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies
Military
Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men
No air force, Submarines, only 6 capital ships
The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River
Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ)
No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years
Financial:
The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy
Germany had to pay war reparations (33 billion)
Thursday:
Germany wasn't allowed to unite with Austria to form a super state.
General-
Germany has to admit full responsibility for starting the war.
This was Clause 231- "War Guilt Clause"
League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
League of Nations-
Five Permanent
Great Britain, France, Italy, U.S, Japan
Four non-permanent members that rotated
All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration, and settlement
If a member nation ignored, League could take action
Economic sanctions, France wanted an international army but the US and GB didn't want to
Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
US never joined
Why did the league of nations fail in preventing WWII?
no military force to make Germany and Italy back down
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