Monday-Present
Tuesday-finish presenting
Bruns's review
- 4 Khanates
- Made a man made canal and it is still around today(over 1,000 miles long)
Wednesday-Carolingian Empire
- How they came to power
- Rome falls; Frank's family rise to power and had conquered some part of western Europe , central Europe and Italy
- Frank's family had a lot of land
- The Franks family came from Germanic tribe
- They conquered land given to the warlord are called the feifdom
- Franks don't give the lord more land if they help him
- the franks give them money for their help
- Goals/purpose
- Stimulated European economic and political life, and fostered the cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance
- to create unity and harmony in the kingdom
- to promote laws and promote learning
- How they expanded over the years
- Charlemagne spent the early part of his reign on several military campaigns to expand his kingdom
- Charlemagne moved aggressively to remove those who threatened his suzeraintly and to expand his power, especially in Italy. He immediately attacked and vanquished Desiderius, King of the Lomards
- He also extended his dominance to the South, conquering the kingdom of the Lombards in Northern Italy in 778
- He invaded Nothern Spain, then controlled by the Moors
- Charlemagne added Bohemia to his empire and subdued the Avars in the middle Danbue basin to form a buffer state for the Eastern border of his empire
- Saxon War(771-804)
- A series of campaigns waged over nearly 30 years and 18 major battles
- these wars concluded with Saxony incorporated into the Frankish Empire, and the pagan Saxons forced to accept Christianity
- a significant percentage of the Saxon population perished in the Frankish conquest of Saxony
- Frankish-Moorish War(779-812)
- Moors-Arabic Muslims who ruled North Africa and Spain
- The Franks seized the islands of Cosica and Sardinia and in 799 the Balearic islands and Northern Spain
- In 795, the Spanish regions of Gerona, Cardona, Ausona, and Urgal were united into the New Spanish March, which remained under Frankish authority until 1258
- Frankish-Byzantine War(801-810)
- They waged war for control of Venetia and the Dalmation coast modern -day northern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia
- Nicephorus was distracted by a new war with the bulgars
- The Byzantine began negotiations with the Franks and peace was agreed
- Culture
- Charlemagne support of art and letters had several purposes beyond the general improvement of culture and literacy in the empire
- educated clergy that could undertake many of the administrative task of government, ensure the acceptance of orthodox doctrine as well as a uniform liturgy throughout the empire
- there was also a sift in language with so many different dialects because of the German speaking people
- uniformity not only strengthened the church but facilitated the political task of ingratiating and centralizing the administration of the empire
- the uniform script known as the Caroline minuscule, the attempts at achieving uniformity of doctrine through the suppression of hersey
- Lifestyle
- farmed, Charlemagne ruled them
- not a lot is known
- about the lifestlyes
- farmed, Charlemagne ruled them
- Famous people(Charlemagne)
- his family was the ruler of western europe
- Charlemagne is known as Karl and Charles the Great
- he went on a conquest of uniting the Germanic people
- he is a skilled strategist in his rule
- he was in war most of the time
- he had protected the pope of the christian church to strengthen their bond
- today some people call Charlemagne father of Europe
- Gender roles
- women played integral roles in Carolingian society despite legal and social restrictions
- nothing is known about the social classes
- How they lost power
- the Noble class had slowly gaining power within the mpire
- Noble stop helping the emperor when the emperor can't give them any reward
- civil war between the royal family to control power
- Charles the Fat became the emperor when war against viking break out he paid the viking to leave Paris because he knew he couldn't win against them
- after Charles death in year 888 the Carolingian empire had collapsed that marked the end of its empire
Thursday-Holy Roman EMpire
- How they came to power
- In 800, Pope Leo 3 crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman , reviving the title in Western Europe after more than three centuries, thus creating the Carolingian Empire, whose territory came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire
- Goals/purposes
- The Holy Roman Empire was an attempt to resurrect the Western Empire of Rome
- How they expanded over the years
- The Holy Roman Empire was not a highly centralized state like most countries today.
- Instead, it was divided into dozens-eventually hundreds-of individual entities governed by kings, dukes, counts, bishops, abbots, and other rulers, collectively known as princes.
- Modern Day countries that were included
- The Holy Roman EMpire wasn't a huge country but it was made up of a lot of areas that include:
- Germany
- The Netherlands
- Belgium
- Luxemberg
- Switzerland
- Austria
- Czech and Slovak Republics
- Slovenia
- Western Poland
- The Holy Roman EMpire wasn't a huge country but it was made up of a lot of areas that include:
- Social Classes
- It was a monarchy so they had many different social classes
- the Princes
- the lesser nobles
- the prelates
- the patricians
- the burghers
- the plebians
- the peasants
- Princes-Raise Money for military and had a lot of Authority
- Lesser Nobles-Worked with military Science
- The Prelates-Worked with Education
- The Patricians-Wealthy class
- The burghers-worked as Merchants
- The Plebeians-Urban Workers and Journeymen
- The Peasants-Worked in Agriculture and Livestock
- It was a monarchy so they had many different social classes
- Wars
- Many wars were waged in the time of the Holy Roman Empire
- Thirty year war
- Sixth Crusade
- Nine Years war
- Many wars were waged in the time of the Holy Roman Empire
- Napoleon War
- This war was fought by the Holy Romans, and the French
- Most of the French fought because they were loyal to Napoleon, and they just did whatever he said
- The French military was far more advanced, so they won kinda eaasy
- This was the cause of the Fall of the Holy Romans
- How they lost power
- The Holy Roman Empire had survived over a thousand years when it was finally destroyed by Napoleon and the French in 1806
Friday-Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne(NO ZOMBIES)
- The Middle ages(roughly 500 AD-1500 AD)
- The term Medieval simply means "of or relating to the middle ages"
- The dark ages was the period in Western Europe between 500 (the fall of Rome) and 1000 AD
- The dark ages
- Magyars and vikings raided western European church monasteries and destroyed many of these centers of learning
- Due to this, Europe was thrown backwards in time where science culture and learning were not focused on as much as they had been with Ancient Rome and Greece
- The invasions and fall of the Roman Empire caused the following problems in Europe-
- The disruption of trade
- centralized Roman authority broke down and with it went the protection of trade
- without Roman power and protection, roads and trade routes were no longer safe
- without trade and commerce, the economy tanked
- downfall of cities
- with the disruption of trade, cities were no longer the vital economic centers
- with the breakdown of central Roman authority, cities were no longer needed as centers of government
- people moved to the countryside
- London, Paris, Rome, Florence, Milan, among others were still around
- population shifts
- with the cities no longer the important places they once were, people started migrating to the country
- they could grow their own food and felt safer there
- decline of learning
- The Germanic "barbarians"could not read or write
- The Germanic languages started becoming important, but they lacked a writing system
- Important info was all in Latin or Greek
- The science and philosophy of ancients Greece/Rome got ignored/lost as the Germanic people didn't have much use for it
- Church leaders were the only people that remained educated
- loss of common language
- As the Roman Empire was divided among the different Germanic tribes, the Latin language started evolving differently i n the different regions
- The changes came partly from the separation among the peoples as well as the influence of the Germanic peoples living in the particular areas
- these dialects became the Romance languages
- decline of infrastructur
- all the great public works fell into disrepair;the aqueducts, the public baths, libraries, arenas, etc
- The Germanic leaders didn't really destroy them, they just didn't see the need to maintain them or spend money to do so
- it didn't help that thing were mainly located in cities, which people were leaving
- The disruption of trade
- Germanic tribes
- unlike the Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes focused on family ties and personal loyalty to unify society
- every Germanic chief led a band of warriors ho had pledged their loyalty to him
- in peace time, these followers lived in theirs lords hall and were provided food, weapons, and treasure by their cheif
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