Dec. 5th - Dec. 9th

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Imperialism and America 

• Key Terms
  • Imperialism – stronger country taking over weaker countries
  • Diplomacy – a peaceful way to solve problems though discussion
  • Militarism – the process of building up your military power
  • Nationalism – Strong pride in your country – extreme patriotism – Adolf Hitler was a huge nationalist
  • Sphere of influence – being involved in the affairs of other countries
  • Protectorate – a weaker country or nation protected by another larger country
  • Arbitration – a settlement of a dispute from a neutral third party
  • Old Diplomacy “Policy of Isolationism” – 1780s-1900ish

1. Noninterventionist

• the US did not intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe’s
  • Isolationist
• The US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations
  • Passive and Reactive
• The US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly

• Weak Army and Navy

• New Diplomacy
  • Imperialistic

• Going out and conquering territory to create an empire
  • Stronger army and Navy
  • Interventionist

• Especially in Central and South America
• Becoming more involved in other countries affairs
• Monroe Doctrine
  • A warning to the European countries to stay away from the Central countries, from America

1. Strong Nationalism

• • Having strong pride and confidence in one’s country
• Imperialism became very common with the major world powers of the world 
  • Great Britain 
  • German 
  • France 
  • Austria -Hungary 
  • Italy 
  • Russia 
  • US
  • Ottoman empire (turkey)
  • Japan 
• Colonialism 
  • All of the places around the world were taken over by Western Powers + the US and Japan
• Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism 
  • The western frontier was settled - 1890 
  • Brings Military power to your country
  • Naval bases and refueling stations 
  • $$$$ 
  • White Man's Burden 
    • to take over the darker skinned
• Alaska - 1867 
  • Many people didn't like buy it 
• Hawaii 
  • Good location
  • Queen Liliuokalani - 1893
    • Make Hawaii, Hawaii again 

The Spanish American War 

• By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire 
• War with Spain over Cuba
  • Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few Colonies in Africa (Morocco and western Sahara)
• The US had been interested in Cuba 
  • Tried to buy in 1854 
• Cubans revolted Multiple times but now needed our help 
• Causes of the SA War 
  • USS Maine sinking
    • To protect US property
    • Yellow Press said Spain did it
      • It Really wasn't  
  • The Yellow Press
    • William Randolph Hearst 
    • Joseph Pulitzer
      • Instigators  
  • Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps 
    • Not necessarily killing people
  • The De Lome Letter 
  • Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba making it look Spain did it 
    • Jose - Cuban Ambassador
    • Get outraged at Spain (they actually wrecked their land)
  • To help the Cubans get independence 
• Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment 
  • April 25th 1898 the US declared war on Spain
  • Imperialist vs. Anti- Imperialist 
    • Imperialist wanted Cuba 
    • Anti- Don't take Cuba 
• Fronts in SA War 
  • Philippines 
  • Cuba 
  • Puerto Rico 
• Filipino Resistance Leader
  • Emilio Aguinaldo 
    • He was on our side the realized we wanted to take their land 
• Rough Riders
  • Teddy Roosevelt 
  • Tough and rough guys 
  • Defeat the Spanish going up San Juan Hill
• Teddy R  vs. Leonard Wood 
  • Wood was in charge 
• John Hay  
  • "A splendid little war"
• Treaty of Paris -1898 
  • Ended the war 
  • Spain kind of gave Cuba independence 
  • US got the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

Acquiring New Lands  

• Puerto Rican's were granted US citizenship in 1917
• Platt Amendment 
  • Strings were attached 
  • Guantanamo Bay is there 
    • Naval base 
• Philippine- American War 
  • 200,000 - 1.5 million Filipinos civilian died 
    • Some consider it Genocide 
  • The US won control over the island 
• Open Door Policies 
  • By the late 1800's China was carved up like Africa 
  • China didn't want this to happen
    • The Boxer Rebellion
      •  European Powers won 
  • John Hay created Open Door Policies 
  • Official Law in 1920's 

• The Roosevelt Corollary

  • Addition to the Monroe Doctrine
  • US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
  • US would use force to protect interests in Latin America

  Big Stick Diplomacy - Roosevelt

  • “Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big stick” diplomacy
  • Big stick represents military power
  • Speak softly represents not bragging about it
  • The Great White Fleet
    • White so people could see
    • Don’t mess with the US Navy

  Dollar Diplomacy - Taft

  • Economic Imperialism
  • US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
  • US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
  • “Substituting dollars for bullets”

  President Woodrow Wilson

  • Ethical and religious beliefs also influenced his foreign policy
  • Practiced “missionary diplomacy”
    • US would not recognize a government that was undemocratic and hostile towards the US – came to power through nefarious ways