Dec. 11th - Dec. 15th - Blogs

Monday

Talking about forum posts
Trench video
Pistols
Gas Warfare
Pictures of destroyed cities
Turkish Massacre of the Armenians
WW1 war goals
- Winning territory
- France
  - Land from Germany
  - Cripple Germany’s military
  - Get German colonies in Africa and Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
  - Great Britain
    - Get German colonies in Africa and Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
    - Italy
    - Russia
      - Land from Turkey
      - Austria-Hungary
        Self-preservation
        Germany
        Parts of France and Russia
        Luxembourg and Belgium
        Take over French and British colonies in Africa
        United States
        Win and end the war
        Wilson’s 14 points
        Objectives
        Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WW1 broke out in 1914
        Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
        Be able to analyze WW! Propaganda, identify it’s goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
        Be able to identify how the convoy system works and the effectiveness of it
        Be able to identify the importance of key people
        Woodrow Wilson
        John Pershing
        Bernard Baruch
        Herbert Hoover
        George Creel
Be able to identify the costs of the war
President Woodrow Wilson
Neutrality
- President Wilson declared that the US was to be neutral when WW1 broke out
- 1. “Impartial in thought as well as in action”
- 2. US stayed neutral for three years
- Causes for US involvement in WW1
  - US was very upset with both sides in war
    - G.B. and Germany were both stopping US ships
    - Eventually, US drew closer to war and the Allies
1. German started sinking of British/French ships and killing of US citizens on those ships
- Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917
- Sussex Pledge
  - Germany responded to Wilson’s demands on May 4^th, 1916 with what is called the “Sussex Pledge”. Germany promised to:
    - End sinking of passenger ships
    - Search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships
    - Summary of Zimmermann’s message
      - Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States
      - Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
      - Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe

Tuesday

Beliefs of War Hawks (Jingoes)
- Teddy Roosevelt, Leonard Wood)
- Trade with England increased and Germany decreased as years went on
  - The US became economically tied to the war and making sure Great Britain won
  - United States lent Germany 27 million dollars from 1914-1917, while it lent the UK and its allies 2.3 billion dollars during the same period
  - British and American Propaganda swayed public opinion against Germany
  - Preparedness Program (1915)
  - American business and banks pushed the US into the war for huge profits
    - The Nye Committee (1934-1936) investigated the impact that big business and banks had on getting the US involved into WW1
    - General John “Black Jack” Pershing
    - American Doughboys
    - The Homefront
      - Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
      - Every country has their own Homefront
      - What needs to happen on the Homefront to help win a war
      - War Industries Board
        Headed by Bernard Baruch
        Regulated industry in US
        Encourages mass production
        Under the War Industries Board, industrial production in the US increased 20%
        Food Administration
        Headed by Herbert Hoover
        Urged people to conserve food
        Had “meatless days” and “wheat less days”
        “Victory gardens” were planted by schools and homes
        Prevented hoarding of food by people
        “Food is Ammunition-Don’t waste it.”
        National War Labor Board
        Settled disputes between workers and employers Discouraged strikes
        “Work or fight”
        Women hired during the war were to receive equal pay for equal work
        Headed by William Taft
        Committee on Public Information
        Goal was to influence US public to support WW1 in their own way
        Launched a huge propaganda campaign the committee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message
        Americanized German words:
        German Measles- liberty measles
        Hamburger- liberty steak
        Sauerkraut- liberty cabbage
        George Creel
        Major Goals of US propaganda in WW1
        Enlist in the military
        Buy war bonds
        Conserve food
        Encourage patriotism
        Dehumanize the enemy
        Urgency
        Propaganda slides

Wednesday

Talking about the semester test
Finish propaganda slides
Paris Peace Conference
Wilson’s 14 points
- Was a speech delivered by Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918
- Was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe- not imperialism
  - 1. An end to secret treaties
  - 2. Freedom of the seas
  - 3. Free trade for all countries
  - 4. Disarmament
  - 5. End to colonial claims
  - 6. Self-determination for all countries- (Russia was becoming communist)
  - 7. Restoration of Belgium
  - 8. Restoration of France
  - 9. Readjustment of Italy’s boundaries
  - 10. Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
  - 11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
  - 12. Turkey should be sovereign (independent)
  - 13. Poland would be given their independence
  - 14. The “League of Nations” would be developed

(Now 1-6 and know 14 for semester test)

The Big Four- GB, Italy, France, US

Thursday

Review of yesterday
Treaty of Versailles-1919
- The Treaty that officially ended the war with Germany
- Territorial
- Lost land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Poland)
- The League of Nations also took control of Germanys overseas colonies
- Military
- Germany’s army was reduced to 100,00 men; the army was not allowed tanks
- Germany was not allowed an air force
- Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
- The west of the Rhineland and 50km east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ)
  - No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
Financial
The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany’s economy
- Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss
Germany had to pay war reparations ($33 billion)
General
1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war
- This was Clause 231- the infamous “War Guilt Clause)
2. A league of Nations was set up to keep world peace
League of Nations
- Five permanent members
  - GB, France, Italy, US, Japan
Four non-permanent members that rotated
All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration and settlement
If member nation ignored, League could take action
What type of action?
- Economic sanctions
France wanted an international army but US and GB did not
Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
US never joined

Friday

Review yesterday
After WW1
- Yugoslavia was built
- Ottoman Empire -> Turkey
- Austria-Hungary -> Austria, Hungary
- Everyone lost land to Poland
- US and the Treaty of Versailles
  - The US never signed the Treaty of Versailles or joined the League of Nations
  - Wilson’s journey across US
  - Talking about Propaganda and net neutrality
  - Video

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