Colonies
Roanoke
- March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America
- Established in 1585
- It is a colony that was funded and set up by London Co., so mother country is England
- First English Colony
Key Players:
Sir Walter Raleigh
- Writer, poet, soldier, and explorer
- Married a lady-in-writer(assistant) to queen Elizabeth I
- When back in England, the King had him locked up
- He then was released and set out to find the “City of Gold” (not successful)
- He was later imprisoned again but this time he was executed
- Raleigh N.C. is named after him
-One of the biggest tobacco producers in the USA, part of “Tobacco Road”
Virginia Dare
- First child born in America to English parents
- Granddaughter to John White
John White
- English artist
- Known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke
- Went back to England to resupply the Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the word “Cro”—probably means Croaton which was an Indian Tribe
- The houses were dissembled so it’s unlikely that they left quickly or forced to leave
Interesting Facts
- Known as the “Lost Colony”
- How they have died out:
- Captured by Indian Tribes (most likely)
- Lost at sea
- Spanish
- Dare Stones- journal written on stones about harsh conditions
- Virginea Pars Map- the supposed fort
Jamestown
- 1st permanent English colony
- Established by Virginia Company of London
- Jamestown is located in current day Virginia
- Mother country is England
- Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619
Captain John Smith
- Did a decent job at communicating with the Native even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him
- He was forced to return back to England after an explosion
- The next guy to come take leadership was George Percy
Pocahontas
- Daughter of the Powhatan
- Married John Rolfe, not John Smith
- Did however save John Smith from being killed by her father
- Moved back to England with her husband
- This was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian
- She died a year later from an unknown cause, she was only 22 or 23
Chief Opchanacanough
- His name meant “He whose soul is White”
- Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
- This raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown
- He was captured in 1646, and later shot in the back by a guard
- He was 92 years old when he died
Ugly Winter
- The winter of 1609-1610 was known as the “starving time”
- Over 80% of the colony died
- Most tried cannibalism to stay alive, one man chopped up his wife in her sleep and ate her
Bacon’s Rebellion
- 1st known rebellion where the colonist took part in present day USA
- “Declaration of the People of Virginia”. The declaration criticized Berkeley’s administration in detail. It accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from Indian attack
- Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to fight the Susquehanock tribe and when the Occ. Left then he murdered their wives, children, and men.
- He would continue to wage war with the Indian tribes in the area
- He was upset that Berkeley still hadn’t stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers
- Berkeley fled and then Bacon burned down the city of Jamestown
- Bacon later died of dysentery before England could send forces to punish him
- Many of Bacon’s followers went back to England
- 23 of Bacon’s followers that stayed were hanged
- Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men then he did for the killing of his father
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