In 1879 the Dual Alliance was established between Germany and Austria-Hungary. They decided to make an alliance to protect themselves from Russia. Two years later in 1881 the Austro-Serbian Alliance was created between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. If you can't already tell from me telling you only two alliances out of the many, there was much confussion because the alliances were made secretly and it led to a lot of distrust and wondering who was in alliances with who. But anyway, the Austro-Serbian Alliance was created to stop Russia from gaining total control of Serbia. In 1882 The Triple Alliance was formed making an alliance with Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy, so Italy would ultimately be on Germany and Austria- Hungary's side, other than Russia's.
Not until 1894 the next alliance was created called, The Franco-Russian Alliance. This alliance was created mainly for Russia and France to protect themselves against Germany and Austria-Hungary. In 1904 The Entente Cordiale was formed. It was just an agreement, no alliance, between France and Britain. Three years later in 1907 The Anglo-Russian Entente was created, and was just another agreement between Britain and Russia. Also in 1907 The Triple Entente was made between Russia, France and Britain to go against the threat from Germany.
Well, one thing the alliances help lead to war was because it just got too many countries involved. Countries felt safe with more alliances and more stronger. It was a very complicated alliance, countries themselves were confused. Every country worried about others attacking them and really couldnt trust anyone, without an alliance
Nationalism was for those who shared a common language, history, and culture, it was a strong feeling for someones nation pretty much. Supporting your nation and getting independence for yourself and your country. For independent nations and for yours to be dominant in all.
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http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/causes.htm
http://www.angelfire.com/mi3/ww1/causes.html
http://www.iun.edu/~hisdcl/h114_2002/ww1.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
http://www.thecorner.org/hist/wwi/alliance.htm