Civil Rights for African-Americans, Women, Latin-Americans/Native Americans- rights to personal liberty established by the 13th and 14th amendments to the U.S. constitution, especially applied to an individual or a minority group. Basically extended all rights to those who hadn't attained them already.
NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; interracial U.S. organization working for political and civil equality of blacks.
Martin Luther King Jr.- American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement, "I Have a Dream"
Malcolm X- Minister, public speaker, and human rights activist, courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans
Jackie Robinson- first black major league baseball player
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka- declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional
De-segregating the US Military- military no longer separated blacks and whites, the were treated equally
Little Rock 9- group of black students at Little Rock Central High School who were prevented from entering the racially segregated school by the governor, troops would not let them enter and they were followed by mobs
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- refused to give up her seat to a white passenger, sparked Montgomery Bus Boycott
Greensboro sit-ins- non-violent protests that led to the Woolworth's department store chain reversing its policy of racial segregation in Southern states
Freedom Riders- civil rights activists that rode interstate buses into the segregated states to test the US supreme court decision of Boynton v. Virginia. First ride left Washington D.C. on May 4, 1961 and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17
Birmingham, Alabama—1963- 16th street African American Baptist Church bombed, killing four girls
Mississippi Summer Project( Freedom Summer project)- attemped to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time excluded black voters. Also set up dozens of Freedom Schools and Freedom Houses to aid local black population.
Selma, Alabama—1965- King and SCLC joined forces with Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee here, sweeping injuction was issued by a locad judge and barred any gathering of 3 or more people under sponsorship of SNCC, SCLC, or DCVL, or with the involvement of 41 named civil rights leaders. Temporarily halted civil rights activity until King defied it by speaking at Brown chapel.
Voting Rights Act of 1965- outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.
Civil Rights Act of 1964- outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. Ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public.
Stokely Carmichael- trinidadian-american black activist, leader of SNCC, and later the Honorary Prime Minister of the Black Panther Party
Black Panthers- African-American revolutionary leftist organization, active from 1966-82. Achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power Movement and in U.S. politics of the 60's and 70's.
Affirmative action- policies that take factors including race, color, religion, gender, or national origin into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group
Jesse Jackson- civil rights activist and Baptist minister, candidate for Democratic presidential nomination in 84 and 88, served as shadow senator for the District of Colombia from 91 to 97.
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