August 31-September 4

Monday - We were volunteered to do our presentation first.

Christopher Columbus

August 3, 1492 - Route to Asia
Landed in the Caribbeans
Thought he was in Asia
Natives were dubbed Indians because Columbus thought he was in India
One of biggest voluntary migrations
Columbian Exchange - transfer of corn, potatoes, and tobacco for livestock, grains, fruit, and coffee

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers thought to find silver and gold
Tried to convert Natives to Christianity
Killed the Aztecs and Incans

Jamestown

April of 1607, Virginia Company settled in Jamestown
Tobacco became major stock
1619 slaves arrived in Virginia
Plymouth Colony 1620 Pilgrims
John Smith kept Jamestown alive through farming and support from the Powhatan
Was not involved with Pocahontas
Roger Williams believed English settlers should purchase land from Natives
Religious freedom and separation from church and state
settled Providence, Rhode Island
William Penn founded Pennsylvania
Acquired what is now Delaware
Belonged to the Quakers

Thirteen Colonies

Existed for the benefit of England
Founded over a period of 125 years
Navigation Acts
- Restricted trading between colonies and England

The Great Awakening and Enlightenment

Period in which philosophers valued reason and scientific
Very intellectual movement
Religious revivals to restore faith
Benjamin Franklin was major par of the Enlightenment
Flew kite in storm
Founding Father

French and Indian War

French and Indians vs. Great Britain
Known as 7-years War in Great Britain
Fight over Ohio River Valley
Great Britain claimed Canada and all land east of the Mississippi

Sugar Act

Smuggling goods
Paid smaller tax wouldn't smuggle
- Coffee, Indigo, Wines
Not paying taxes lead to court
- Merchants

Stamp Act

Taxed anything Stamped"Taxation without Representation"
- Magazines, Newspapers, Legal Documents
Tax money went into army
- Send troops overseas to enforce taxes

Samuel Adams

Wealthy Merchant
Big in Politics
Part founder of Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
- Turned Patriots against British
  - Taxes
- Scare Loyalist

Declaration of Independence

Be a separate nation of the world, King abused the right to rule
- Men were equal
  - No bossing around
Create a government that protects rights
- "Liberty and pursuit of happiness"

The Second Continental Congress

Set up new government
Articles of Confederation
March 1, 1781
James Madison proposed Virginia Plan
Legislature based on population
Small states opposed, large state power
William Patterson proposed New Jersey Plan
Single house legislature
Everyone got one vote
Roger Sherman proposed the Great Compromise
2 house congress
Upper house (Senate) - equal power
Lower house (Representatives) - population
The Tree-Fifths Compromise
Southern states wanted slaves to count towards population for more representatives
Three fifths of the slaves counted as part of the population
George Washington Adjourned Constituitional Convention on September 17, 1787
9 states needed to approve Constitution
Fedralists and Antifederalists
December 1791 added the Bill of Rights

Gold Rush

California Gold rush 1848-1855
City of Coloma
300,000 people
- Europe, Australia, China, and Mexico
Boomtowns
- San Francisco & Columbia

Great Invention

Peter Cooper invented the "Tom Thumb" a train engine
1830's
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad track
Great form of transportation
Reduced travel ~ 90% faster
Encouraged settlers to Move West
Telegraph used morose code

Manifest Destiny

Oregon Trail
Santa Fe Trail
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark
Alamo
It was thought that they could get free land

Civil War

Was first fort attacked starting Civil War
April 12, 1861
North was stronger than South before war even began
Battle of Bull Run
25 mi from Washington DC
Confederates won this battle
General Robert E. Lee was in charge of the Confederates
General Ulysses S. Grant was in charge of the Union
Jefferson Davis was president of the Southerns
Abraham Lincoln was president of the Unions
Battle of Gettysburg was won by the North
July 1-3, 1863
April 3, 1865, Union conquered Richmond (Confederate Capital)

Tuesday - We finished the presentation from yesterday and did another.

Revolutionary War

Started April 19, 1775
December 26, 1776, floated across the Delaware river
February 6, 1778, allied themselves with the French
April 19, 1783 is when fighting ended
War officially ended September 3, 1783
Loyalists - were loyal to king of England
Patriot - fought for America
Kingdom - the soldiers of Great Britain
Iroquois - Indians that were trying to survive
Holy Roman Empire - were the mercenaries hired
George Washington - Commanding General, First President
John Hancock - Soldier, Entrepreneur, Politician
King George - King of England and Ireland over the time of the Revolution
Negative - Supplies, Lives lost, support needed, money, foundation
Positive - We gained our freedom

Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson - President at the time
Robert Cavelier de Lasalle - the first person to move towards the west
James Monroe - Bought the Louisiana Purchase ($827,000)
Napoleon - Just became of power
October 20, 1803 - Congress approved the buying of land
November 30, 1803 - when James Monroe left for France
April 30, 1804 - when the papers were signed
Positive - We gained a lot of land
Negative - We spent a lot of money on it, feuds with Spanish, Native Americans

Christopher Columus

Was born in 1451
First sailed at 19 years old
Sailed the ocean blue in 1492
Four inmates came with, one was a murderer the other three tried to break murderer out
October 12, 1492 reached Bahamas
Three ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria
Positive - started new era of expeditions and exploration, established new settlements in the "New World'
Negative - Killed/caused the death 250,000 Native Americans, started Native American slave trade across Europe

The Pilgrims

Person/group who traveled for sacred or religious reasons
Moved from England once the royalty changed the national church
Wanted to practice their own religious beliefs
Moved to America on the Mayflower and colonized in Plymouth in 1620
The Mayflower remains lost at sea
September 16th, 1620 leaves from Southampton, England
November 6, 1620 took 66 days to arrive at Plymouth
November 1, 1620 signed the Mayflower Compact
1623 first "Thanksgiving" celebration with the Indians after harvest season.
102 passengers along with the crew were on board
One man went over-board
One baby boy was born on the Mayflower
One man passed away passengers believed it to be karma
First baby born at Plymouth was a baby girl
Positives - started the first Thanksgiving, helped start the development of United States
Negatives - took land from Natives

Civil War

Started April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter, South Carolina battle that started the war lasted two days
Ended April 9, 1865
Abraham Lincoln was 16th President
Union Commander-in-Chief
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Ulysses S. Grant was 18th president
Robert E. Lee surrendered at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia
Alan Farmer said, "The Union didn't win the war because they were stronger, had more men, and more guns but because God was on the side with the heaviest battalion."
Negative - many family members/people had been lost and the east was left in ruin
Positive - the law of slavery had been discontinued,

Wednesday - We finished up yesterdays presentation and started another.

British Colonies

They built Fort James in their settlement Jamestown
King James VI, sent the settlers
Virginia Company, sent the ships
John Smith, was leader of the 7 captains sent
Positive - became the United States of America
Negative - economy shifting, slavery

Founding of Our Nation

Founded nation on 1773
Boston Tea party helped begin Revolutionary War
Negative - lost men at war
Positive - We are a country today
July 4, 1776, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!"

Indian Removal Act

1830-1839
Removal of Indians to federal territory
Forced Cherokee to move east of the Mississippi
Lost 4,000 of the 15,000
Oklahoma known as Indian territory
Positive - Europeans wanted tribes to move in order to acquire more land for cotton farms
Negative - Natives died

Civil War

South wanted to form own nation
Fought over different opinions on slavery
Abraham Lincoln asked General Robert E. Lee to be a general for the Union

Reconstruction

1865-1877
Directly after the Civil WAr
Rebuilding the south
Setting new terms
Conditions on how south could rejoin the Union
Andrew Johnson was president at time
Gave lot of power to the states
African Americans were given freedom
Was bottom of totem pole
Bureau was set up to help teach them how to read and write

Land Bridge

Land bridge was above the water
Russia leading to Alaska
How first human came to be
3 separate migrations
- 1st populated most of North and South America
- 2nd settled in Alaska and the northern part of America
- 3rd stuck to the north from the land bride populating Canada and Greenland

Discovery of America

1492
Sailed Atlantic ocean
Columbus biggest known discover
Negative - enslaved the indigenous people, forced to dig gold and build buildings
Positive - discovered new technology and era's

Industrial Revolution

Stepping stone for new inventions
Created machines
1712 - Steam Engine was invented, Thomas Newcomen
1764 - Spinning Jenny, James Hargreaves, British carpenter and weaver, easier to make cloth
1769 - Improved Steam engine, James Watt, more efficient powered trains, boats, etc.
1794 - Cotton Gin, Eli Whitney, removed seeds from cotton
Major accomplishments happened
Positive - more jobs were created
Negative - child labor, some died

American Revolution

First Modern revolution
1775-1783
George Washington, had two terms of presidency (1789-1797)
Lost more battles than he won
Didn't want to be president
Ben Franklin, January 17, 1706-April17,1790
One of the 5 Founding Fathers
Loved to write and print
Went to France to get them to become our allies
Battle of Lexington and Concord
April 19,1775
At dawn
700 British troops to 77 Militiamen
"Shot heard 'round the world"
Battle of Yorktown
French and Continental Navy, 17,000 troops to attack
Surround Cornwallis 9,000 troops
General Cornwallis surrendered to General Washington
Positive - Improved peoples way of living, gained independence, democracy was able to expand, trade freely with other countries
The war destroyed the relationship with Britain, we couldn't trace with them any more

Civil War

Battle of Gettysburg
85,000 Union vs. 75,000 Confederate
23,000 Union died vs. 28,000 Confederate
Lasted 3 days
Largest battle
Positive - War didn't split us into 2 countries, North helped modernize the South
Negative - 620,000 soldiers had to die for America to stop fighting

Thursday - We finished yesterdays presentation and we did the last presentation today.

Colonies Come of Age

Used crops to trade for money

Slavery

Slavery started in 1619
Started in Jamestown for tobacco
In the 1830's - 1860's there was a movement to abolish slavery in America led by Frederick Douglass

Abraham Lincoln Assassination

First president to be assassinated
Friday, April 14, 1865
John Wilkes Booth was killer
Shot in head

War of Independence

Started 1775-1783
Estimated 20,000-25,000 men fought
Not many numbers recorded
Estimated 20,000-30,000 died

Mexican vs. American War

Started 1846-1848
First U.S. conflict fought on foreign soil
Fought on both sides of border
Over 13,000 died, only 1.5% was from combat
We won, we got land

We watched video on Labor day and discussed it. Taking test Wednesday.

Friday - The member missing from yesterday's presentation finished and we went over Mr. Bruns presentation.

Vascuchi sailed around the world
Cortez took over Aztecs
Boraz took over Incas
America is named after Amerigo
Henry Cabbot founded English colonies

Blogs

August 31-September 4

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