April 8th

[6Jilian]

The Cold War (1945-1990) U.S. vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

NEED TO GET NOTES FROM POWER POINT BECAUSE I MISSED 2 DAYS OF NOTES.  

I took notes from Colin to talk about Yalta Conference and some key terms. Thanks colin! 

Yalta Conference

Before the end of the world war II Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to play what should happen when the war ended they agreed on many points

1. the establishment of the United Nations
2. Germany to be divided into four zones
3. Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
4. Russia promised to join the war against Japan

Key terms: 

• Iron Curtain Speech 
  •  never surrender speech by Churchill 
• Domino Theory (Effect) 
  •  if one country falls to communist the other countries are going to become communist
• Policy of Containment 
  • over all goal for the the US Stop the communism
• Truman Doctrine
  • President Truman made this speech 
• Marshall Plan 
  • it was the initiative to ad Europe
• Brinkmanship 
  • pushing war without having war
• Massive retaliation/Mutual deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction 
  • Two wars fighting back at each other, but mutual deterrence doesn't allow nuclear weapons
• NATO vs. Warsaw Pact 
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization= our agreement with Europe. Still around. If one country is in danger, all countries in NATO goes to support them 
  • Warsaw Pact broke up in 1980's
• CIA vs. KGB 
  • CIA gathers info from other countries. In the Church committee they tried to take out Fidel Castro. They took part in president assassinations. Very bad things. But later in the 70's , they came out and said they needed to change. 
  • KGB gathered info from inside and outside the country 
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963  
  • banned all above ground nuclear testing. Countries started testing underground 
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 
  • designed to provide the spread of nuclear weapons throughout the world 
  • countries that sign that are not one of the big 5 countries are promising not to use nuclear weapons, but they can still use it for nuclear energy 
  • Russia, US, GB, China, and France legally have nuclear weapons and signed the treaty 
  • India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel have nuclear weapons because they left the treaty 
• Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972
  • banned ballistic missiles 
    
  • Nixon got us into the treaty 
  • bad because it gets rid of deterrence 
  • Bush dropped out of this treaty, now it's dead in US
• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) (Treaty) 1972 
  
  • Reduced amount of nuclear weapons each country could have 
  • Salt 1 was the first step, Salt 2 would've taken it further but it didn't because of the invasion into Afghanistan 
• Detente 
  
  • release of tension between US and the Soviet Union in the 70's
  • lots of people didn't like it, including Reagan 
• Perestroika (80's) 
  
  • reconstructing and being a more open economy, and allowing more freedom in the economy (capitalists, etc.)
• Glasnost 
  
  • increasing openness of the government and allowing more freedom in the government 
• UNITED NATIONS 
  
  • a council to resolve issues with all of the countries 
  • 2 major parts 
    • General Assembly 
      • everyone coming together to help poor people, economy, etc. 
    • Security Council 
      • had military force 
      • 5 permanent numbers: Russia, US, GB, China, and France