1. Selective Training and Service Act
home front, passed in 1940, peacetime draft, draft just in case, used until 1973, from there volunteers filled in
2. Women's role in WWII
Rosie the Riveter represented women workers during the war, worked in factories, nursing, secretaries, typists, farmer, sales, waitress, bus/taxi driver, messenger, laundry, teacher, conductors, didn’t fight in war, each branch had their own branches, Army- WAC, Navy- WAVES, Air Force- WASP; "Tokyo Rose" Iva Toguri, on the radio, taunting troops and making them homesick, US citizen in Japan, convicted of treason;
3. African-American's role in WWII
many went to war, worked in factories, bombing and fighting on front lines, discriminated against; Tuskegee Airmen, most famous black group of pilots, bombed, trained by Tuskegee Institute
4. Asian's role in WWII
Internment camps
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
Entertained troops, made propaganda movies, sent people overseas to entertain troops, The Purple Heart major movie; Bob Hope comedian/singer/actor, USO tour, got singer actors comedians to go over and entertain troops; John Wayne major actor
6. Office of Price Administration
1941 to set up rations and price control, some rations were restrictions on sugar, meat, silk, and nylon eventually gas, stickers based on what job you have A common American 4 gal, B war workers more gas or C vital jobs more gas, T truckers unlimited gas, black market develops, stealing and counterfeit stickers
7. War Production Board
tried to get everyone to pitch in and make supplies for the war and quickly
8. National War Labor Board
got workers and owners to work together so the workers wouldnt strike hurting the war effort
9. Why the Home front helped win the war
made supplies such as weapons, war gardens, entertainment
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
Battle of the Atlantic was about controling the seas and shipping getting things to GB; faster and more manuverable shios to outrun U boats, US navy operators intercepted German radio transmitions to figure out where boats were located, convoy system power in numbers merchant ships surrounded by other ships, HF/DF detects subs below water, ULTRA
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
US operators interceted German code or messages to find out where they were, Radar used to detect about the surface; Ultra- British, code name for intercepting and deciphering of German code, Magic- US, same except against Japan, we always knew what they were doing; Enigma was machine Germans used to send codes, Bombe was the machine that broke the code; Hunter-Killers ships and airplanes designed to go after U boats, Depth Charges underwater bombs
12. Operation Barbarossa (USSR vs. Germany)
Hitler wanted to attck them so there was more space, farm land, slave labor, oilfields, Slavs lived there and he didnt like them, didnt trust Stalin, western front fighting was over, isolate allied powers; greatest land battle in histroy, early in the morning, main front was huge, many casualties and prisoners, Germans occupied a lot of soviet union, he needed it to go fast, German army split in soviet union, Group Norths goal Leningrad, Group Centres goal Moscow, Group Souths goal Stalingrad, Soviets pushed back in the winter; werent able to take Moscow, Hitler took control and made military orders, German officers didnt like it and tried to kill him; Leningrad siege, surround city and cut off supplies, lasted 872 days, cannabalism, never took Leningrad
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Erwin Rommel "The Desert Fox" German leader of Afrika Corps; Operation Torch was code name for our invasion, first invasion against Germany, invaded Moroco, fighting Germany, Italy, and French Vichy, defeated them in about 6-8 months; Italy came after Africa, Italy surrendered pretty quickly, Germany was in the mountains making it hard to fight, Germany did not surrender there; Casablanca Conference- Casablanca Morocco, unconditional surrender of Germany
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
Marshall- Chief of Staff of the US military during WWII, head of US military, only guy above him was the president
Patton- US general, thought highly of himself, ivory pistol, thought everyone should fight, defeated Rommel
Bradley- US general, DDay
MacArthur- commander of military in Pacific against Japan, Philippines, left then retuned
Nimitz- admiral of US navy agaist Japan in WWII
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
invasion of Nazi controlled France, Day of Days, June 6, 1944, codemane Operation Overlord, airborne troops landed in France so they could work their way back to beach, amphibious landing on coast of France, then the actual invasion, decoy operations weeks before dday gave false information so Hitler would be thrown off, Claise France, largest amphibious invasion; Atlantic Wall- concrete boxes with machine guns, metal barriers in ocean, to try to combat the invasion; Omaha, Utah, Juno, Gold, Sword were some beaches
16. Battle of the Bulge
Hitlers last major offensive, pushed to try to get to the sea to split troops and then retake France, during the winter, worst battle in terms of losses to American forces in WWII, Malmedy Masssacre, Germany unsuccesful
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
April 1945, knew nothing about atomic bomb top secret
18. VE Day
May 8, 1945, Victory in Europe day, celebration
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Island Hopping- US military strategy in S Pacific, hit bigger and more strategicallly important islands, skip the small ones, small islands will surrender because of their cut off supply, save time money and lives
Philippines- Japan took over Philippines in about 6 months, Manila capital, US territory, Bataan Death March 1942 Americans and Filipinos forced to walked 60 miles to a camp, 75,000 POWS, physical abuse and murder, Japan had to go on war time trials, Japan officially apologized, worst in WWII;; retuned in September 1944, battle of Leyte Gulf, we massivly destroyed any navy the Japanese had, us trying to take them back, didnt have much of a navy after this,
Coral Sea- sea by Australia, minor turning point against japan, May 1942, naval battle only, between US and Australia v Japan, airplane battle also took place, victory for us by stopping their advance
Midway- navak battle against Japan, htought if they could defeat us at midway we'd make a deal, we demolished them, the major turning point, we started on offensive
Guadalcanal- first time we were on the offensive, victory by us against Japan in the Pacific
Iwo Jima- close to Japan, shelling before attacking, Japan dug into the ground, lost more people here than in DDay, massive battle, flag raising on Mt Suribachi
Okinawa- extremly close to Japan, bombing Japan, shelled before invaded to soften up
20. Navajo Code Talkers
we used the Navajo language to transmit messages, very few people other than Navajos knew how to speak it, recieved much more recognition recently
21. Doolittle's Raid
April 1942, bombers taking off of ships, oredered an attack to confuse Japanese and give America a morale boost, not for military reasons
22. Manhattan Project
code name for development of the atomic bomb, General Groves in charge of military aspect, J Robert Oppenheimer scientist in charge of both bombs, tested bomb in New Mexico; Enola Gay was a plane specifically made to drop the atomic bomb, named after pilots mother, pilot Paul Tibbits
23. Hiroshima bombing
bomb called "Little Boy" did a lot of damage, uranium bomb,started a lot of fires, werent sure what city they were bombing at first, aimed for the L shape bridge, the atomic shadow because of the extreme heat the shadows burnt into the gound
24. Nagasaki bombing
Japan didnt surrender, got ready for the second one, plutonium bomb, imploded, "Fat Man", Bockscar was the plane that dropped the bomb, didnt hit where it was supposed to hit, did a lot of damage though
25. VJ Day
Victory in Japan Day, August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered ending WWII
26. Yalta Conference
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin meet, set stage for what was going to happen to Germany after the war, Feb 1945, Germany would be broken into 4 occupation zones- US, GB, France, USSR, Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe and to join the war against Japan after Germany was over, have a conference at San Francisco to set up UN
27. Nuremburg Trials
Nazi war crimes trials after the war, high Nazi military put on trial for the holocaust, Nuremburg Germany
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
we told the Japanese it was for their safety, we didnt trust them because we thought they might be spies and such, forced them to pack what they could in a suitcase and sell the rest and move to these camps, played sports, went to school, got jobs, werent beaten or killed
29. Why the allies won
Hitler declaring war on US, women’s work in factories; Henry Kaiser had a shipbuilding company, made more ships than all other countries combined; intelligence #11;
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
GI Bill of Rights- helped men who came home from war to help them get back to normal, helped them get jobs and an education
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