French Revo.
- started same year George Washington became president
- started in 1789 and lasted until 1799. During the 1700s France and England were considered the most advanced countries in Europe and the world. They had a large population and a good foreign trade. But they were in extreme debt.
- In the 1770s the political system was called the old regime, under this regime there were 3 large social classes called estates.
- the first estate was made up of the clergy of the roman catholic church (priest, bishops, deacons, cardinals), they only had to pay 2% income taxes, owned 10% of land in France, their jobs were to provide religion, education, and relief services to the poor, consisted of less than 1% of the population
- The second estate consisted of rich nobles, they help the highest offices in to gov. they had to pay 0% income taxes and owned 20% of the land. This consisted of 2% of the French population.
- the third estate was everyone that was not in the first 2, they had no power to influence the gov. they had to pay 50% of their food as taxes, they resented the first 2 classes, they owned 70% of the land in France and consisted of 97% of the population.
Enlightenment ideals-
- This was a complex with many influences from the USA
- The third estate became very tired with the old regime, and these people promoted ideal
- Louis XVI was a very weak leader that married Marie Antoinette
- Louis was very indecisive and didn't listen to his advisors
- Marie didn't help much and she was from Austria
- Louis tried to tax the nobles and that was a bad idea
- The estates general was an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates and their goal was to approve the new tax, and this meeting was held May 5, 1789, first time they met in 175 years, in the past the 3 estates would meet separately and 1 vote per estate, the first and second always beat the third estate, the king would always side with the nobles.
Order of events-
- July 14, 1789- Storming of Bastille demonstrators storm this place to acquire ammo ( émigrés- person who migrates out of an area voluntary)
- August 26, 1789- Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen gets adopted by the assembly. Is a fundamental document of the French revo. And in the history of human rights defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates as universal
- Legislative Assembly- late 1789 émigrés forced to come back and if they refused they faced death. King is still scared to return so eh removes the idea that they will have to come back. Allows 3rd estate to become part of the legislative assembly.
- Women's march on Versailles- aka October march. This is one of the most important events of the French revo. It started in the marketplace of Paris on October 5, 1789. This turned into a mob of thousands and encouraged by revo. Agitators the ransacked the city armory for weapons and marched to Versailles, the next day the crowd compelled the king his family and most of the French assembly to return with them to Paris, this event ended the independent authority of the king.
- National convention- comprised the constitutional and legislative assembly of France 1792-1795, this group held executive power in France during the first years of the French revo. The republic ended in 1804 when napoleon changed it to the first French empire
- December 3, 1792- Louis XVI brought in front of the courts for trial, Robespierre a leader in the French revo. Utters the famous phrase that Louis SVI must die so the country can live
- January 21, 1793- Louis XVI gets executed at the guillotine
- June 24, 1793- ratification of the new constitution by national convention but not yet proclaimed slavery is abolished until 1802, 1802 is the rising of napoleon and he thinks slavery is good so he brings it back
- Reign of terror- September 5, 1793 to July 28, 1794, was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French revo. Incited by conflict between rival political factions, mass executions of enemies of the revo. Tens of thousands died in this time span.
- Execution- killed without trial and for only being convicted you are killed- decapitation, pulled apart by oxen, and gallitiene
- October 15, 1793- Queen Marie Antoinette is impeached and convicted for treachery against the country, and for incest with her child the dauphin, and is condemned to be executed in the palace de la revolution, the next day she gets the guillotine
- First coalition- 1792-1797, fought against the revolting France and many other European countries, declared a war on Prussia and Austria. The countries involved in the first collation against France were. Habsburg monarchy, Holy roman empire, Prussia, Great Britain, French royalists, Spain, and Portugal. For the monarchy. The opposing side had French republic, Batavian republic, French satellite sates, and the polish legions. Against the monarchy
- First coalition- this war started off as France being the aggressor even though many people assumed different, at the beginning France suffered some defeats and other countries had internal issues. France made all men 18-25 fight in the war because they wanted to have a giant army. The French were able to regroup and do much better fighting the coalition, Spain and Prussia switched sides. Finally in 1797 great Brittan was the only people fighting France and they lost many troops and they backed out. The results were a French victory and created the Treaty of Campo Formio (survival of the French republic) hostilities return when the second coalition starts up.
- Treaty of Camp Formio- this was a treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire had to cede the Austrian Netherlands to France and northern Italy was turned into several French sister republics.
Comments