Monday- notes
Tuesday- notes
Wednesday- notes
Thursday- notes
Friday- notes
JAPAN
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- Japan joined the League of Nations
- Signed 4, 5, and 9 Power Pacts
- Kellogg-Briand pact
- Invasion of Manchuria - 1931China Incident- July 1937
- League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had not military force
- Message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did not want war
- Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after invasion
- Possessed valuable resources
- Coal
- Iron Ore
- Rape of Nanking- 1937
- Japan's Military
- Mass killing of Chinese people
- Raping of Chinese women and girls
- Looting/Arson
- War crime trial
- Some in Japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason
- Still causes tension between the two countries today
- There were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation
- Tripartite Pact- 1940Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact- 1941Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Formation of Axis Powers
- Albania
- Finland
- Thailand
- Formation of Axis Powers
- Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
- Not to fight
- Japanese considered breaking this once Germany invaded the USSR, but did not- June, 1941
- Broken by USSR- August 9, 1945
- Invasion of French Indochina - 1940
- Importation of fuel and arms
- Led to occupation of French Indochina
- US stops trade
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- Hiroshima - 90,000- 146,000
- Nagasaki- 39,000 - 80,000
- Total- 2,100,000 to 2,566,000
- Cost- $56,000,000,000
- GOALS
- Control countries that were rich and raw materials
- Pearl Harbor- Attacked to keep the America's Pacific Fleet from interfering with Japan's Military actions
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Emperor Hirohito
- Came to power at 15 after his father died
- Died in 1989
- Hideki Tojo became Military General during this time
- Appointed by Hirohito
- Tried to commit suicide, failed
- We helped him back to health
- Then executed him because of war crimes
- Admiral Yamamoto
- Planned the Pearl Harbor attack
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
- Japan wanted to secure resources in Southeast Asia and China
- Attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 to neutralize the US on their way to occupy Malaya and many other territories
- Stopped trading with Japan
- Realized they needed US to trade to be successful in the war
- Tried to force us out of war
- Knew it was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
- Japanese fighter planes attacked the naval base in Hawaii
- More than 2,000 American soldiers and sailors died
- Japan attacked the US to keep them out of the war
- Battle of Midway
- June 3, 1942
- Fought by US and Japan
- Midway was the last American base in the Pacific and Yamamoto wanted to take it away
- US won
- Battle of Iwo JimaBattle of Okinawa- April-June, 1945
- February 19- March 26 of 1945
- One of the most famous battles of Pacific War
- US won
- Operation DownfallHiroshima ("Little Boy" bomb) and Nagasaki ("Fat Man" bomb)
- Planned for October 1945
- Estimated to have over 1 million casualties
- Estimated to have 267,000 deaths
- VJ Day
- August 14/15, 1945 (UK)
- September 2, 1945 (US)
- Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
- Potsdam Conference- July, 1945
- Announced the terms for Japans surrender
- US would occupy it
- Dismantle the current government
- Japan will consist of only the major islands
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
- War crime trials for the atrocities committed by Japan
- Democracy will be promoted (rights)
- Allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay war reparations
- Announced the terms for Japans surrender
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Tokyo Rose
- Host of "Zero Hour"
- Demoralize American soldiers
- Make them homesick
- Isorku Yamamoto
- Commander-in-chief
- Led attack on Pearl Harbor
- Consolidate and expand
- Led attack at Midway
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Japan awoke a sleeping giant
- Production
- Lack of technological advancement
- Radar
- Tanks
- Bombing of Hiroshima
- Breaking Magic
- Failure to break our code
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Japan was devastated
- Continued to have shortage of food
- Eventually lost all land they had taken over
- Many of their cities the industries, and transportation networks were severely damaged
Areas Controlled by Japan during WWII
- Several regions in China - 1938- 1945
- French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)- July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945
- Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940- August 15, 1945
- Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27, 1944
- Wake Island (USA)
Areas Attacked by not Conquered
- Australia
British Colombia (Canada)- Broome
- Darwin
- Newcastle
- Sydney
- Kohima and Manipur (India)
- Colombo and Trincomalee (Sri Lanka)
- United States
- Santa Barbara (California)
- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
- Midway Atoll
- Fort Stevens (Oregon)
GERMANY
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- Nazi Party was set up
- Pressured the Weimar Republic
- Ruling Class
- Blamed Jews
- Beer Hall Putsch
- Hitler's arrest
- Mein Kampf
- Pressured the Weimar Republic
- Economy
- Mass unemployment
- Inflation
- Treaty of Versailles
- Germany lost land
- France
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Poland
- Czechoslovakia
- Military was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks
- Not allowed to have an air force
- Allowed only 6 capital ships
- Had to pay $33 billion to the Allies
- Anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public
- Treaty was seen by many Germans as being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it
- Many in Germany did not want the Treaty signed
- German representatives in Paris knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again
- Many right wing groups such as the Nazis believed in the Dolchstoss Theory (Stab in the back theory)
- Blamed the "November Criminals" (the Weimer Republic) for accepting treaty
- Germany lost land
- Weimar Republic
- Germany had never been a democracy before
- President appoints judge and is commander in chief
- Chancellor was the head of the government
- Hitler came to power legally through the democracy as the Chancellor
- Beer Hall Putsch- 1923
- Tried to take over the government
- Hitler's Trial- 1924Mein Kampf
- Treason
- Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
- August 23, 1939
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
- Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
- Russia would get Finland, Estonia, and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania
- World was shocked
- Poland was scared
- Hitler though it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, et
- 5,533,000 military deaths
- Civilian and Military Deaths- 6,600,000-8,800,000
- Germany was an Axis power
- Nazi Goals for Battle of Britain
- Destroy the Royal Air Force
- Attack and destroy the British Navy
- Attack British troops
- Once air control was gained, the invasion of Great Britain would begin
- German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only
- Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
-background
-how they came to power
-how they lost power
Hitler
- Born in 1889 in Austria
- Struggled in school
- Dad beat him
- Tried to become a painter, didn't get into art school
- Loner, struggled
- Austria didn't accept him to fight for WWI
- Went to Germany, they accepted him
- Rose to the ranks because of his speaking skills
- Appointed Chancellor in 1933
- Drops out of the League of Nations
- Starts rearming Germany
- Rearms the German Rhineland area
- Anschluss with Austria- 1938
- Austria became part of Germany
- Sudetenland Crisis- 1938
- Takes over all of Czechoslovakia- 1939
- "Re-uniting German speaking peoples"
- Sudetenland/Munich Conference- 1938
- Chamberlain- "Peace for our time"
- Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
- Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
- Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people
- Became known as the "Policy of Appeasement"
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- Nazi propaganda
- Rallies and Speeches
- Speeches given by Hitler
- parades
- Nazi bride schools
- women would go to school to become good Nazi wives
- Slave Labor
- Foreigners from countries were taken over by Nazis
- Children
- Enlistment age dropped to 13 and many kids fought
- Nazi Propaganda
- Very basic level
- Chosen by God to lead the world
-Discuss major battle strategies
- Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
- Small mobile forces
- Prevented Warlock
- Used against
- Poland
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- France
- Siegfried Line
- Stopped tanks
- Stopped attacks
- Proved ineffective
- Atlantic Wall
- 2,000 mile long defense of
- Gun placements
- Tank traps
- Obstacles
- 2,000 mile long defense of
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- D-Day
- Allies had liberated North Africa and pressed on into Italy
- Hitler refused to surrender
- Battle of Britain
- First major military campaign in history to be fought entirely in the air
- They were trying to win air superiority over Great Britain
- Luftwaffe
- May 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
- British losses-around 40,000 civilians dead
- 46,000-139,000 injured
- German losses- 3,363 aircrew and 2,265 aircraft
- Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
- Operation Barbarossa
- Hitler launched his armies in a massive invasion of the Soviet Union
- Severely underestimated their opponents
- Biggest Mistake
- Sitzkrieg- The Phony War (Sitting War)
- Everyone was declaring war, but nothing was happening
- Waiting out the winter
- Spring time, Hitler went on major offensives
- Ends in 1940
- Germany Invaded Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1939
- Germany Invaded France, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg in 1940
- France's "Impenetrable" Maginot Line
- Guns couldn't turn 260 degrees
- Germany had very good defensive
- Made it useless for France
- Miracle of Dunkirk
- Allowed British and French soldiers to get back to Britain
- Positive story
- Axis Invasion of the Balkans was taken over (1941)
- German Invasion of USSR- June 1941
- Final plan for Operation Barbarossa
- Blitzkreig attack
- Battle of Moscow
- Soviet Winter Counteroffensive December 6, 1941- April 30, 1942
- Russian winter sets in and is a huge turning point in war
- Battle of Stalingrad
- Winter of 1942-1943
- Around 2 million total casualties
- Siege of Leningrad
- On August 30, 1941, Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
- Unlike the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
- Between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
- People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism
- Finally, a successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources
- North African Campaign
- June, 1940- May, 1943
- Invaded for 10 months and then North Africa was free
- Italian Campaign
- Operation Avalanche
- After North Africa, we invaded Italy
- Italy surrendered quickly
- Germany had control of the country
- Italy surrendered, but was not free
- Took over the mountain range
- The Atlantic Wall
- France to Norway
- Took 4-5 years
- July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
- Put a bomb in a briefcase
- Bomb was to kill Hitler
- He survived the blast
- Hitler was very upset
- Hitler stayed in his bunker in Berlin more often
- Liberation of Paris
- August 25, 1944
- Paris is free
- Battle of the Bulge
- Hitler's last offensive
- December 16, 1944- January 28, 1945
- US and Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River
- April 25, 1945
- Hitler Commits Suicide
- Cyanide and Pistols
- Fuhrer's Bunker
- April 30, 1945
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Walter Von Brauchitsch
- Commander and Chief of the German Army
- Joseph Goebbels
- Minister of Propaganda
- Erwin RommelHenrich Himmler
- General- implicated in a plot to overthrow Hitler
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Supply lines were too long
- Russian winter (Germany not prepared)
- Troops too spread out
- Russia had too many soldiers
- Too many allied countries against Germany
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Germany got divided into 4 different zones
- It had been transformed in 15 years from a Nazi disaster zone to a prosperous immigration zone
- Germans in both East and West Germany turned away from militarism
- Weren't nationalistic after the War
HOLOCAUST
- Genocide of approximately six million European Jews during WWII
- Program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately 2/3 of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
- Some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
- By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people
FRANCE
- Hitler allowed the Vichy France to control part of France
- Henri Petain was head
- Vichy France was an ally of the Nazis
- A lot of the French withdrew, fled to Great Britain
- Free French
- Our allies
- Maqui were people in cities that weren't gonna let Germany take over
- Sabotage and spy on Germany
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