MY NOTES ARE STILL COPYING BAD AHHHH. We continued notes and discussion. Study these notes along with Mr. Bruns' powerpoints for tests in the future! 1) The date of Pearl Harbor? December 7, 1941. December 8, we declared war. 2) Why did Japan do what they did? It started with us stopping trading with them after they invaded French Indu-china. They attacked us to keep us out of the war and get back to trading with them. We said you need to withdraw from French Indu-China and also actual China in order for us to trade with them again. None of their ideas to get us to give in to trading with them again worked, so they thought that if they attacked us we would give in. 3) What did the U.S. do in response? The day after the attack president he met with both sides of congress and after they met they entered the war. "Woke a sleeping giant". It brought us closer together. The pro isolation party went away from it. 4) What happened at Pearl Harbor? 2 waves of Japan airplanes dropped bombs at Pearl Harbor. They had the element of surprise. Here are the class notes. What were the causes of WW2? Europe: Treaty of Versaille, Hitler's actions in form of leaving the Treaty of Versaille, the great depression, Hilter and Mussolini's actions (annexed Albania and Ethiopian Africa) in the 1930's, Failure of the League of Nations, Policy of Appeasement, Hilter's invasion of Poland , Rise of Nationalism. Asia: The Great Depression, Japan invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Japanese invasion of China in 1937 United States: Quit trading supplies(oil) with Japan in the summer of 1941, tough policies towards Japan in Fall 1941, Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941 Short term effects on US: Lost about 400,000 american lives (55million world wide) Long term: Got us out of the great depression, provided jobs. Minimum wage was great in the 50's. The states were more agreeing with each other, so the federal government became very very powerful. After WW2, the government expanded. Women were working more when the men came back. Worldwide: German Nazi party was completely destroyed and Germany was broken into 4 zones. Japanese cities were destroyed from bombing and Japan was placed under military rule. There were most deaths ever in a war. United Nations starts, League of Nations fixed, has military, still around today. Major Powers of the world were discovered. Biggest concern after taking down Germany was the Soviet Union, Cold War, US vs. USSR. North Africa Casablanca Conference- January 1942. "Unconditional Surrender" means that they will have to do whatever we tell them they have to do, not deal made (when germany surrenders) 1) Churchill decided to focus on North Africa into Italy, Stalin and Roosevelt wanted to invade on the beaches of France. FDR and Stalin agreed so they decided to fight in Africa first then up through Italy. North African Campaign: Took place in North Africa from June, 1940 to May, 1943. Took place in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts also in Morocco, Algeria and ended in Tunisia. The campaign was fought between the Allies and Axis Powers. Allies: US, France, GB Axis: Germany (Afrika corps), Italy, Japan, Vichy French. The area was in conflict due to colonial interests dating back to the late 1800's. The United States began direct military assistance in North Africa in May, 1942. Operation torch (invasion of North Africa) was November 1942, from November to May (6 months before Germans and Italians surrendered) we were giving direct soldiers. It was a D Day type invasion. The big invasion of northern Africa. In 6 months we defeated the Germans. Now that North Africa is defeated, what are our 2 military options to defeat the Germans? 1) to invade France (Normandy) 2) to invade Italy Why not invade France next? The Germans were too strong there, we also knew that Stalin wanted us to come so the German troops would send more away from the Nazi-communist war. Operation Husky (Invasion of Sicily (Italian island)-July/August 1943) was July 10,1943 and it was a land, airborne invasion. They invaded Sicily and when they got there it was really crappy and miserable, it was very mountainous too. It lasted 2 weeks, late July into early August. Mussolini was captured, saved by Hitler, then captured once again to be killed. Operation Husky is when Mussolini lost power. Operation Avalanche (Invasion of Italy) began September 9, 1943. The Mussolini followers followed him, but the ones who didn't believe in him stayed. King Victory Emmanuel kept Italy under control when Mussolini left. They weren't out of the war yet. The fighting in Italy lasted the whole war besides 3 months. They weren't free until February 1945.The Tuskegee Institute/Airmen were a group of all black pilots that started off as doing all the dirty work for the u.s, but when they actually got their first mission, they did better than the white men. They stuck with the bombers and protected them better than any other pilot. Most fights were in Europe and Italy. Generals: Irwin Rommell (Germany) German leader in North Africa. Known as "the desert fox" because he was very skilled in warfare and he knew how to win. He fought in WW1. Considered one of HItler's favorite generals. No proof that he joined the Nazi party, but he was one of Gubbel's best friends and they used him as big propaganda. Towards the end after the North Africa plan failed, he was moved to the French coast and the place he was in charge of was the Normandy beaches. When D Day happened, he wasn't present in France at the time. It ruined his rep in Germany for losing that. He may have been involved in the plan to kill Hitler. He was arrested and given the choice to commit suicide or decide to go for trial and to kill all his family and pals. There were numerous assassination attempts at Hitler on the end of the war. North Africa and Europe. Albert Kessering (Germany) He was in charge of the Luftwaffe, the German air force. He was the main commander and planned what they would do for the Blitzkrieg. He was Bernard Montgomery (Great Britain) A British general who fought in North Africa. His biggest battle was the turning point of the North Africa fight, from the Germans to the British. He competed with Patton in an unfriendly way. They would try to beat each other to cities, like to Sicily. North Africa and Europe. George Patton (United States) He took part in the 1912 Olympics in Sweden and he got 5th place over-all for all events. Before WW1 he took part in the expedition "Poncho Via" to capture someone in Mexico. Commander of Operation Church. Was also American commander for Sicily. Very aggressive, respected by soldiers but not well liked by them or superiors. He died in Germany right after WW2 in a car accident. North Africa and Europe. Dwight Eisenhower (United States) He was the supreme commander of all forces in Europe. He was one of only 4 officers to be promoted to general of the army. 5 stars. He eventually became president for 8 years. North Africa and Europe. D DAY June 6, 1944. Code named "Operation Overlord" it was the invasion of France. It took place on Normandy Beach. We started at 6:30 a.m. We split it up into 5 parts: Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha, and Utah. Why were we invading our allie France? Because they were being taken over by Germany so we were trying to get it back for the French. Omaha was one of the strongest beaches due to German population. The Atlantic Wall was built by the Nazi's from 1942-1945 knowing there was going to be an invasion. It was made up of concrete, guns, pill boxes, major artillery guns, check hedge hogs to stop tanks. When we invaded the beaches, we didn't have any cover because it was so flat. We were supposed to have tanks, but they sank. The weather was awful. The commander of D Day was Dwight Eisenhower. We had 10,000 casualties and we landed about 160,000 troops on the beaches. Everything was crazy, it was successful but it didn't happen how it was supposed to. "Fubar". Blimps were used to make it difficult for the Germans to come and shoot with their planes everywhere. Class Notes on causes of war and pearl harbor Class Notes on D DAY Today we watched the first 20 minutes of Saving Private Ryan. V-E DAY May 8, 1945. Hitler and his wife killed themselves in surrender. Even though the war was over in Europe, we still had the war in Japan to worry about. War in Japan Here are class notes. Doolittle's Raid: Also known as Tokyo raid, was a major air raid. The commander was James or Jimmy Doolittle. The United State's was attacking Japan. The president stands up and is upset at the military because they are all saying they aren't ready. The military guys say it's impossible, it would be nothing. They called it a suicide mission. 4 months after Pearl Harbor, April of 1941, we go to Tokyo. They crash land in China, some died, some survived. Philippines: We lost the Philippines in December/ January. The major general of the U.S. was Douglas McArthur. He's famous for his coron cob pipe. He left Australia to go to the Philippines. Kamikaze were used by Japan and they would fly right into U.S. ships. Corral Sea: May 1942, a month after Doolittle's raid. It was a major naval battle between U.S. and Japan. You could argue that either side won. It was the first turning point of the war against Japan. Battle of Midway: June 1942. Midway was outside of Japan's territory. We won it easily. It is considered the major turning point of the war. We won because we knew where they would be and when it was coming. We were allow to attack them before they attacked us. After Midway, they didn't really have any victories. They were never the same after Corral Sea. Navajo code talkers: Native people that spoke Navajo and it was very hard to learn. Phillip Johnston came up with the idea of using the language for military. In 1942 the u.s. military started to recruit Navajos. They used the Navajo code, not the language. Iwo Jima: February March 1945. They raised the flag on Mt. Suribachi. Iwo Jima was 5 or 6 months away from the atomic bomb droppings. This Okinawa: Huge huge invasion. It lasted April-June 1945. It was supported by naval and air forces. We were constantly bombing Japan. They still weren't surrendering. Enola Gay: Paul Tibbits named it after his mother. It was the plane that bombed Hiroshima. He dropped the first bomb. Nagasaki: August 1945. Japan didn't surrender, so we decided to drop another one. "Fat Man" was more powerful than uranium. Everything went wrong in this mission. The bomb was way off target. It didn't do as much damage because mountains were all around where they dropped it. They knew they would run out of gas, so they had to drop the bomb somewhere. As soon as they dropped it, they were diving right downwards. VJ Day: August 14/15 1945 (official UK) is when Japan surrendered. But in the U.S, we made it official on September 2, 1945 when the Japanese signed on the USS Missouri. Next notes were on the home front and that was my group. Here are our notes on the home front. HOME FRONT Manhattan Project: General Leslie Groves. 1939-1945. It was supported by the UK and Canada. German scientists came here from Germany because they didn't like Hitler and they helped us make it. Einstein wrote a letter to FDR so they would take it seriously. Japanese Americans: 1942-1944. Japanese were taken to internment camps. They were separated from their families and were in very poor conditions. They lived in Barracks. 10 camps in 7 western states. After everything happened, they passed the Japanese American Redress Bill in 1988. This gave $20,000 to the Japanese families affected by this.
HOLOCAUST
Here are class notes!
Hitler's steps that he took towards his final solution: His final solution was to kill all the Jews off. We need to know all the things he did to them prior to that. Genocide is a mass murder of a certain race. A ghetto is a place where they put the Jews. They destroyed Jewish businesses, and moved them to ghetto areas of Germany. 6 million Jews and other groups of people. In 1933 Hitler came to power and set up the first concentration camp at Dachau as a work camp, not death camp. He took away their work and hs/college rights. In 1935 the Nuremberg Laws were made. They took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights. They established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had thee or four Jewish grandparents. Jews could only marry Jews. No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews. They didn't want a mix, they wanted complete separation. Kristallnacht was in 1938. "Night of the Broken Glass". That night Nazis went through Jewish businesses and destroyed all their property. 26,000 jews were gathered up and sent to work-concentration camps. Kristallnacht= crystal night. In 1938 they took all Jewish education away and complete control of all businesses. By 1938, Jews had no way to make money.
idk why this is doing this to my notes :(((((
We continued on Holocaust. I can get most notes from his power point.
Why did the U.S. and Allies win WW2?
-U.S. War production
-Women on the home front, nurse, production, etc.
-Navajo Code talkers "Ultra" German code "magic" Japanese code
-People buying war bonds
-Numbers of resources and people that we had (stronger allies)
-Better technology
-President, generals, and troops!
-Japanese and German mistakes Japan: Pearl Harbor, and to invade China. Germany: Invading the Soviet Union, and declaring war on the U.S.
TEST TOMORROW!!!!!!!
Questions:
1. Pearl Harbor and the causes/effects on WW2
2. US war in the Pacific against Japan
3. US war in North Africa and Italy
4. US war in Europe
5. US home front/impact US had on the war
6. Holocaust
STUDY!
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