Monday:
The Korean Conflict: The forgotten War 1950 - 1953
- After WWII, Korea was split into two - North (USSR) and south (US)
- An election was going to be held eventually unify Korea -> Stalin didn't allow to be held in the north -> he handed over the power to the North Korean Communist Party under Kim IL-Sung
- The south elected an nationalist: Syngman Rhee
- North Korea invaded, but they first asked Russia and China for permission (other two communist countries)
- North Korea did first a good job pushed South Korea all the way down to Pusan, US helped and South Korea and succeeded (D-Day like invasion)
- China was worried that we going to invade them, so they pushed us back
- MacArthur was in charge
- United Nations Police Action:
- US, GB, France, China and the Soviet Union
- United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help south Korea
- China didn't veto this proposal, because the official was in the anti-communist Taiwan
- MacArthur talked about using atomic weapons, never happened
- it's a back and forth type of war and ended about where it started
- MacArthur was fired, because
- he was like a superhero
- talked about using atomic bombs
- he went against orders from Truman
- talked about invading China
- Demilitarized zone (DMZ):
- it was established around it
- there is a lot of military
- A treaty between North and south Korea was never signed
- Kim Jong-un;
- took office in 2011 after his dad died
Tuesday:
North Korean Leader:
- Kim Il Sung (1948-1994)
- Kim Jong il (94-11)
- Kim Il Sungs son
- under his leadership relationships with the US got worse
- he died
- Kim Jong-un (2011 to today)
- Killed his uncle
- nuclear aggressiveness
VIETNAM CONFLICT 1950-1975:
US goals:
- Policy of containment
- keep communism out
- domino effect
Key terms and people:
- Geneva Conference 1954:
- Ho Chi Minh:
- Escalation:
- Viet Cong:
- Guerilla Warfare:
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:
- President Lyndon Johnson:
- General William Westmoreland:
- Tet Offensive:
- Pentagon Papers:
- Operation Rolling Thunder:
- Ho Chi Minh Trail:
- Agent Orange:
- Napalm:
- My Lai Massacre:
- Vietnam War Protestors
- Kent St. University Protest/Massacre:
- President Richard Nixon:
- Vietnamization:
- Paris Peace Accords - 1973:
- Geneva Conference: Set up election to unify the country; election never took place, both sides didn't wanted to join the election -> country got split in two
The French Connection:
- France gained control of Indochina in mid-late 1800's
- During WWII Vichy french worked with the Japanese in controlling Indochina
- After Japan surrendered, the French fought to retain to keep control of french Indochina )leader Ho Chi Minh, communist)
- -> war broke out between French and Indochina
- French loose
- Indochina thought they got independence, but they didn't got independence
- at Geneva Conferece: Vietnam partitoned into northern and southern zone of vietnam
- North: Ho Chi Minh
- South: Boa Dai
Wednesday:
I was at the Art Show. Those are Kelsies notes:
Key Terms
- Geneva Conference 1954
- Vietnam was cut into a Northern and Southern zone at 17th parallel
- north ruled by Ho Chi Minh
- south was Bao Dai
- set up elections to unify the country by July 1956
- such elections were never held because neither side wanted to lose
- Ho Chi Minh
- north ruler
- Escalation
- got bigger
- Truman began US involvement by sending money to help the French
- Eisenhower continued US support by sending military advisers to give temporary support to Diem's government in the south
- Kennedy continued sending advisers as well as special operation forces (Green berets)
- Johnson sent more and more combat forces
- Nixon started pulling troops out
- Viet Cong
- our enemy
- a group of south Vietnamese guerrilla fighters
- difficult to define because of how they dressed (peasants)
- Guerilla Warfare
- attack and retreat
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- several US ships were supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Gulf of Tonkin
- President Lyndon Johnson
- General William Westmoreland
- forces in vietnam
- Tet Offensive
- huge offensive that the viet cong put against us
- Pentagon Papers
- someone in the government mislead the war in the New York Times, people had proof
- Operation Rolling Thunder
- code name for the non-stop bombing raids in North Vietnam by US
- destroy the will of the North Vietnamese to fight, destroy industrial bases and air defense and stop the flow of men and supplies to the Trail in the south
- not successful
- Ho Chi Minh Trail
- Agent Orange
- gas used to kill plants (jungle - harder to hide)
- Napalm
- sticky fire substance to attack people with
Thursday:
Kent St. - 1970:
- Protest of the Vietnam war
- not peaceful, they started to set buildings on fire
- five students got killed
- worst Vietnam war protest
How did people get out of serving (in US)?:
- Medical reasons
- Marriage (would push you down the list)
- Homosexual
- went to college (would push you down the list)
- went to Canada or other countries
- Joined the National Guard, Coast Guard pr Peace Corps
- Got into legal trouble
- Being rich
- about 75% volunteered to fight
Nixon and Vietnam:
- He called for the "Vietnamization" : We would pull our troops out of Vietnam and let the Vietnamese fight
- He wanted peace and win honorarily "Peace and Honor"
- He didn't want to be the first president to lose a war
- Expanded the war into Laos and Cambodia
- People were upset, because he told that he will end the war and then he expanded it
The end 1973:
- fighting stopped
- US would pull out of Vietnam (Vietnamization)
- North and South Vietnam would recognize each other's independence
- shortly after we left the North invaded the south
- North and South Vietnam are united in 76 -> Republic of Vietnam which is now communist
Vietnam Death:
- US: 60,000
- ARVN: 220,000
- NVA: 1,100,000
War Powers Act 1973:
- US has to take all troops back within 60 days
- If President want to set out troops the Congress has to approve it
Friday:
I was gone.
- My Lai Massacre
- US soldiers killed Vietnamese civilians
- women were raped and bodies mutilated
- Vietnam War Protesters
- Kent St. University Protest/Massacre
- US soldiers killing US citizens on US soil
- bad deal
- President Richard Nixon
- called for "vietnamization"
- "peace with honor"
- gradually pull US troops out and train the ARVN to take our place in fighting the north
- expanded the war into Laos and Cambodia leading to college protests
- Vietnamization
- Paris Peace Accords - 1973
- signed early 1973 to officially end US involvement in Vietnam war
- fighting stopped
- US would pull out of Vietnam
- North and South Vietnam would recognize each other's independence
- did not last
- North invaded the South and south fell apart
- Vietnam is still communist today
- signed early 1973 to officially end US involvement in Vietnam war
- Deferment - getting out of war
- went to other countries
- went to college
- got married
- medically unfit for service
- joined the national guard, coast guard, or peace corps
- claimed to be homosexual
- got into legal trouble
- bring rich
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