April 25th-29th

[6irelynn]

Monday- I came late to class, but got notes from Kara Rueschenberg.

The Cold War (continued) 

• Brinkmanship
  • 1950's-1960's
  • The US went to the brink without going to war, hoping that USSR would back down 
  • Had to act tough
• Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction 
  • Massive retaliation: US would launch nukes against USSR, USSR would retaliate massively
  • Mutual deterrence: the fact that the USSR and US would destroy each other due to massive retaliation caused mutual deterrence between the two countries 
  • Mutual assured destruction: massive retaliation would cause mutual assured destruction 
• NATO
  • In 1949, the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
  • NATO was a defensive alliance
  • This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
  • It consisted of:
    • America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy 
  • Still around today and has expanded 
• Warsaw Pact
  • 1955-1991
  • Same thing as NATO, except is for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 
  • Many Warsaw Pact countries are now NATO
• Cold War was NATO v. Warsaw Pact
• CIA v. KGB
  • Central Intelligence Agency (1947-Present)
  • Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
    • Committee for State Security
    • 1945-1991
• 1953
  • Stalin Dies
• 1953-1964
  • Nikita Khrushchev 
  • Takes over USSR
• Peaceful Co-Existence
  • After 1953
  • USSR and US would co-exist peacefully together 
• De-Stalinization
  • After 1953
  • Took down Stalin posters and statues
  • Became less violent 
• Détente
  • 1970's 
  • Easing of tensions between USSR and US (and China) 
• 1985
  • Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR
• Perestroika and Glasnost
  • 1985
  • Perestroika- restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
    • More democracy
    • Free elections
  • Glasnost- more openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
    • Free speech and press
• 1949
  • USSR's first atomic test

Tuesday-

We continued notes on the Cold War.

Cold war- 

• 1949
  • USSR's first atomic test
    • First Countries with Nuclear weapons
      • US
      • Russia
      • United Kingdom
      • France
      • China
    • Countries now with them
      • North Korea
      • Pakistan
      • India
      • Iran
      • Israel
    • Nuclear Power treaties
      • Nuclear test ban treaty- 1963
        • Underground Nuclear Testing 
      • nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty- 1968
        • Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
        • Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
        • Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
      • Salt I Treaty-1972
        • "Strategic Arms Limitations talks"
        • Signed by US and USSR
        • Froze strategic ballistic missile
      • Salt 2 
        • Signed but never ratified
        • Boycotted the Olympics 1982
      • Anti Ballistic Missile- 1972
        • Limited Weapons that would destroy nuclear weapons once launched
        • President announces the Strategic Defense initiative
        • US withdraws in 2002 under Bush
          • Withdrew due to missile defense system 
          • Multiple countries were supported/ protected