Monday - Notes
Tuesday- Notes
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US
Wanted to Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
Promote Democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
Stop the spread of communism
Policy of Containment
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR
Wanted to create greater security for itself
Lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges
Feared a strong Germany
Establish defensible borders
Encourage friendly government on its borders
Spread communism around the world
Key terms
Iron Curtain Speech
Domino Theory (Effect)
Policy of Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Brinkmanship
Truman Doctrine
In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerillas
They appealed to America for aid and we responded with the Truman Doctrine
Greece received large amount of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
Marshall Plan
In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
This was a massive economic aid plan for europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
There were 2 motives of this
Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American Industry
A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism
Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction
NATO
In 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
NATO was a defensive alliance
This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
It consisted of:
America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway and Italy
Warsaw Pact - was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and others in Eastern Europe during the Cold War
CIA vs KGB
Central Intelligence Agency- 1947-Present
Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
Committee for State Security
1954 - 1991
Perestroika and Glasnost-1985
Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet Economy and Political System
More Democracy
Free elections
Glasnost- More openness of the soviet government and for its people
Free speech and press
USSR’s First Atomic Bomb Test - 1949
US-1945
Russia - 1949
UK- 1952
France- 1960
China - 1964
India - 1974
Pakistan - 1998
North Korea - 2006
Israel
- Iran - Developing
Wednesday - Notes
Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty
Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament
Anti-Ballistic Missile-1972-US-USSR
Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
In the 1980’s President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
US withdrawal in 2002 under George W. Bush
Withdrew due to missile defense system
The Ballistic Missile Defense System
Missile Defense Agency
Program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or Allies
SALT I froze the number of Strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
Richard Nixon - President of the United States of America
L.I. Brezhnev - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
SALT II was signed
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - 1996
Signed by President Bill Clinton
Why? Senate reasoning
“ A ban on testing would damage the safety and reliability of America’s existing nuclear arsenal, and it would be impossible to do the treaty
The START Treaties
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
START I 1991
Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
Resulted in the removal of about 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
The START I expired
SORT -2003
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
Between US and Russia
Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
The goal was achieved in 2007
New START - 2011
Signed by President Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
THe number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
- A new inspection and verification system will be established
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