Mexico
This was a peace treaty between America and Mexico Ended the Mexican-American war The treaty gave the US the southwestern states The Mexicans in these areas had the choice of becoming America citizens or returning to Mexico
President Martin van Buren refrained from annexing Texas in fear of a war breaking out 8 years later, President John Tyler began to re-negotiate with the republic of Texas Tyler began creating the Treaty of Annexation for the future state of Texas This causes Mexico to sever their diplomatic relationships to the United States in protest to the Treaty, which the Senate didn’t pass Texas officially became a state on December 29th, 1845 Results: Mexico didn’t follow through with their threat of war, but tension between the two countries remained In November, Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to negotiate the purchased of the disputed land After news of skirmishes from Polk, support for America to declare war began to rise
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Famous for Battle of the Alamo Located near San Antonio
Texans occupied the Alamo Mexican forces led by Santa Anna attacked Outnumbered at least 10 to 1 Held for 13 days Nobody for Texans survived
Texas commander at the Battle of the Alamo Studied law and became practicing attorney Was 26 when he died He was the co-leader of the Battle of the Alamo with James Bowie
Mexico won the battle of the Alamo
Texans defeated the Mexican army in the Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of the Alamo left a huge impression on the Texans. The story of martyrdom by 200 Texans spurred a rush of new recruits into the Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of the Alamo and San Jacinto both proved how dedicated to their cause of independence the Texans were The Natives helped the Texans (the Tejanos)
Santa Anna fought in more battles than Napoleon and George Washington combined He served as president more than 11 times Santa Anna was defeated at the battle of San Jacinto The next day he was taken captive into Texas Was only 18 minute battle.. he changed from his president outfit to battle outfit From 1836-1876- he was constantly in and out of the government Mexico has issues to this day with voting fraud
Mexico’s response to annexing Texas was to declare war on the USA This led to a short Mexican-American war Because of this victory, America gained Texas, and what is now California
A period in the 19th century, characterized by liberal reforms designed to modernize Mexico and turn it into a nation state Implemented by president Juarez Goals of the reform o Land redistribution o Separate church and state o Increase educational opportunities for the poor (most of the country’s population)
As a liberal reformer, he led his nation to modernize
A white English speaking American as distinct for a Hispanic American In other words, an American that was going into Mexican territory
Why would Americans go to Mexico
Inexpensive land More independence Their way of farming were ruining the soil and it was unsuitable for cotton-a big cash crop The Spain and Mexican governments were making a lot of land available for Anglo-Americans
Racism Cultural differences o Learning a new language o Becoming Roman Catholic o Following Napoleonic Code o Forced to be in Mexican military Slavery o There were no slaves under Mexican government o Any slave that passes the border was made free
When Santa Anna was defeated Mexico was forced to sign a treaty
Battle of Velasco was the first violent attack between Mexico and Texans-Texans won
After war, Texas declared them as the Republic of Texas
Effects of the the battle of the Alamo
Slavery Republic of Texas Many people died Nobody survived on the Texans side
Why Americans didn’t follow Mexican laws
Mexico invited Americans to settle in Texas Mexico won its independence from Spain The Texas territory rebelled against Mexico because they didn’t want to follow Mexican rules
The struggle between Mexican independence dates back to the decades after Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, when Martin Cortez (son of Hernan Cortez) Martin Cortez led a revolt against the Spanish colonial government in order to eliminate privileges for the conquistadors (his mother was not Hernan’s wife but his interpreter)
Pedro de la Portilla was the leader In 1799 he arranged a meeting with about 20 other powerless youths The meeting discussed the situation that Criollos found themselves in, in relation to Peninsulares (Criollos were “Europeans” born in America, and Peninsulares were Europeans born in Spain Those present agreed to rise in arms to rid the country of Peninsulares The plan agreed on was to free prisoners, and with them storm the viceroy’s palace, thus capturing high officials an funds The conspirators then intended to proclaim the independence of Mexico, declare war on Spain, and kill or expel the Peninsulares To accomplish this, they were counting on 1000 pesos of silver, two pistols, and some 50 cutlasses and machetes Results: failure
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a local priest and member of a group of educated Criollos met in saloons and in 1810 arrived at the conclusion that a revolt against the colonial government September 16, 1810, he declared independence from the Spanish crown, and war against government in what was known as Grito de Dolores October 30, Miguel Hidalgo’s army encouraged Spanish resistance at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces, fought them and achieved victory However, the rebel army failed to defeat the large and heavily armed Spanish army in Mexico City The surviving rebels fled to the US- Mexican border but were met by the Spanish. They were executed and their Hidalgo’s head was displayed to the public
Patriots o Mexican insurgents o Europeans and volunteers after 1819 o Mexican ex-royalists o Army of the three guarantees Royalists o Spanish royalists before 1821
The Mexicans were held in check by the Spanish Mexico was about to give up and listen to their motherland Spain when…
In 1820, when the Royalists general Iturbibe changed sides and joined the rebels He fears that Spain would fall into liberal hands Iturbibe brought the Royalist army to his side, and then declared himself emperor, but his reign was exceedingly short He was overthrown by Santa Anna after only a year, and Guadalupe Victoria was elected the first president of the Mexican Republic
Battle of Tampico o Mexicans defeat Spanish o On July 31, 1827 a force of 1500 Mexicans under Santa Anna laid siege to 3000 Spanish and Cuban soldiers, under Barradas, who landed in Tampico, with intention of overthrowing the Mexican government o The Spaniards were cut off from reinforcements and surrendered September 11
Results of the Battle for Mexican Independence
First Mexican Empire established Spain loses Mexico and loses a lot of respect from the world
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