April 11-15

Monday- US notes

Tuesday- US notes

Wednesday- NYC

Thursday- NYC

Friday- NYC

Notes:

Pearl harbor
- 3 waves, 2 carried out
  - cancelled 3rd wave because they thought they lost the surprise element
- most planes and everything were able to be patched up
- our air craft carriers weren't hurt because they were at sea
- didn't think they would attack pearl harbor because
  - we thought they couldn't see well
    - goggles
  - shallow water
  - far away
- japan put wooden fins on torpedoes
- propaganda
  - plus side
    - unified country, made us want to go to war
    - made people want to buy war bonds
FDR's war message
- pearl harbor wasn't the only area japan attacked on december 7
why did japan attack us
- wanted to force us to trade oil
- signed soviet-japan neutrality pact
  - didn't have to worry about soviet union
  - made them more confident
- japan realized they needed US to trade to win war
- only way to force us's hand to his us hard and surprise them and force them out of war
- japan thought it was the only way
- plan backfired on them
backdoor war conspiracy
Philippines
- bataan death march
  - may 1942
  - done by japanese to US
  - japanese treated us terribly
- doolittles raid
  - us dropped bombs on japan
  - military thought it was a bad idea
  - it was our morale booster
  - 5 months after pearl harbor
  - 1st positve story for us
  - didn't do much to japan
- battle of coral sea
  - may 1942
  - didn't really win, but it was considered we did because we held japan
  - didn't allow them to advance any more and into australia
- battle of midway
  - june 1942
  - major turning point
  - 1st decisive win
  - we won because we cracked their code
- island hopping
  - made sense because you can skip islands that we don't need
- guadalcanal
  - august 1842-feb
  - 1st battle we went offensive
  - starting point of island hopping to japan
- kamikazes
  - once japan started losing, they used kamikazes
  - filled planes and crashed into ships
  - japan lost planes faster than they could win
  - suicide mission for them
  - we tried to shoot them down
  - it made a difference, but not enough to change the tide of the war
- retaking the philippines
  - mac aruthur's return
    - forced to leave in 1942
    - retook in september 1944
      - 11 months before end of war
- iwo jima
  - one of worst battles for US in wwii
  - 1.821 deaths
  - flag raising
    - 1st was too small so they replaced it with 2nd
- okinawa
  - traditional japanese island- one they didn't take over
  - we took over in 3 month battle
- operation downfall
  - invasion of japan
  - planned for oct 1945
  - estimated to have over 1 million casualties
    - about 267,000 lives saved
  - why didn't this take place
    - atomic bombs
      - militarily no brainer
- manhattan project
  - 6 yr project
    - 1939-45
  - took place in new mexico
  - proposed by albert einstein
  - soviets were spying on us while building
  - general groves was in charge of this
    - he was upset that he didn't get to lead soldiers
    - he was happy and relieved once he saw the bomb go off
      - realized how important his job actually was
- trinity test
  - july 16, 1945
  - 1st atomic device was set off
- enola gay
  - famous plan that dropped bomb on hiroshima
  - paul tibits- pilot
- hiroshima bombing
  - 1st bomb
    - radiation sickness for japanese
    - heat
    - devastation
    - destruction
    - everything went right except japan didn't surrender and we lost camera plane
  - 2nd bombing
    - "fat man" bomb
    - bockscar was plane that was dropped
    - everything went wrong
      - in order to make it back in time they needed to drop it
        didn't hit target
        hit nagasaki
    - japan surrendered even though we didn't hit target
- VJ day
  - japan officially surrendered august 14/15 (official for UK)
  - september 2, 1945 (Official for us)
    - day they officially signed on USS Missouri
- potsdam conference
  - what we told japan they had to do once they surrendered?

US vs germany

Operation torch
- invasion of north africa
- then sicily
operation avalanche
- invade rest of italy
operation overload
- invasion of france
battle for atlantic
- german u boats
  - sunk a lot of allies (US) ships in the beginning
  - in 1943 we produce more and start to sink axis powers (mainly germany)
- how we fought back german u boats
  - increasing production
  - convoy system
    - a way we set up ships
  - inteligence
    - allies shared info from RADAR and High frequency radio direction finding (hf/fs huff duff)
    - radar provided a means of detecting vessels and aircraft above surface
    - hf/df was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions like submarines
    - allies shared code breaking secrets
- hunter killers
  - used depth charges
    - explodes and causes massive destruction
- airplanes used to find boats
d-day- operation overlord
- in charge of allies?
- june 6, 1944
- we tricked hitler
  - threw out info that we wanted hitler to intercept
  - put balloons to make it look like we were set up to fight there
- 3 major generals of d-day
  - US
    - eisenhower (ike)
    - patton
    - bradley
  - uk
    - montgomery
  - germany
    - rommel
Battle of the bulge
- hilter's "last stand"
- didn't want to surrender
  - he'd rather bring germany down with him than go down alone
- worst battle of war
- cold and snowy

Yalta Conference- 1945
- Establishment of the United Nations
- Germany to be divided into four zones
- Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
- USSR promised to join the war against Japan
  - Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt to plan what would happen when the war ended
FDR Dies
- Truman swan in April 12, 1945
V-E Day
- Victory in Europe Day
- May 8, 1945

US Homefront

Women in WWII
- Rosie the Riveter
- Encourage people to grow food from their victory garden
- Don't buy things off the black market
- Nursing
- Get out and get a war job and get involved
- women needed to get jobs outside of the home in factories (step up to the plate)
  - Had their own military branch
"Tokyo Rose"
- Iva Toguri
  - Forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan
  - Taunted the troops and played music from home
  - US citizen in Japan
  - Convicted of treason
Native Americans
- Navajo Code Talkers
African Americans Asian Americans in WWII
- Lived in segregation
- Tuskegee Institute/Airmen
  - Bombed placed in Italy
  - African Americans could be good fighters
Hollywood in WWII
- Keeping people's mind off the war and depression
- Educated people about what was going on in the war
- entertained the troops

Kilroy Engraving on the WWII Memorial in DC
- James Kilroy worked on the shipyard
- Lend Lease Act
OPA Rationing
- Office of Price Administration
- Set prices on thingsCaused the rise of Black Market (fake stickers)
  - Stickers allowing certain amounts of gas per year
  - Food, meat Clothing, home necessities
  - Horse meet was not rationed
War Finance Committee and War Bonds
- 85 million Americans purchased $185 billion in war bonds
- Helped pay for the war
- As low as $18.75
- Ten years later, paid out $25

TEST OUTLINE

3rd Hour: 1. Describe the Unites State's role in the WWII story-1919-1945(40).
2. Describe Great Britain's role in the WWII story-1919-1945(10).
3. Describe the Soviet Union's role in the WWII story-1919-1945(20).
4. Describe France's role in the WWII story-1919-1945(10).

United States
- Return to Normalcy and Neutrality Pearl Harbor
  - Isolation
  - (like not trading, cash and curry system, acts designed to keep us out of war)
  - Neutrality Act
  - Lend-Lease Act
- Island Hopping
  - Coral Sea
  - Midway
  - Iwa Jima
  - Bomb dropping
  - VJ Day
- War with Germany
  - Africa
  - Italy
  - D-Day
  - Yalta Conference
  - VE Day
- Homefront
  - Importance of women
  - War bonds
  - PRODUCTION
  - TECHNOLOGY
  - BROKE THEIR CODE
  - BETTER ALLIES
Great Britain
- Germany was never strong again
- Throughout the 30's
  - Appeasement
    - Give Hitler what he wants (all that Land-Ammuna Conference)
- 40's Last Allied Power left standing Helped fight in Africa and D-Day
  - Battle of Britain
  - We shall Never Surrender Speech
  - Base of Operations
- Helped Free French take down Germany
France
- Viche Government
- Free French
- After WWI- never to worry about Germany
  - Punish Germany
  - Maginal Line
  - Appeasement policy for Germany
- Germany in control of French from Germany
- Southern parts of French were Viche
- D-Day invasion

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April 11-15

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