April 10 (Monday)- Continued presentations
April 11 (Tuesday)- Continued presentations
April 12 (Wednesday)- Continued presentations
April 13 (Thursday)- No school
April 14 (Friday)- No school
Ferdinand Magallen
Background
- 1480 in Portugal
- Passed away in 1521
- Father was a member of portuguese nobility
- Studied mapmaking and navigation as a child
- Age 10, became a paige for a queen
Why he started exploring?
- Studied cartography, astronomy, and celestial navigation
Who he sailed for?
- Sailed for Portugal
- Moved
- Sailed for Spain
Where he explored
- For Portugal
- East Africa
- Battle of Dui
- Explored Malacca
- Spice Islands
- For Spain
- Faster route to Spice Islands- Across Atlantic Ocean around South America across the Pacific
- Sent him with 5 ships
What he found/accomplished?
- Found that by going through Magellan's Strait you could reach the Spice Islands
- Considered to be the first person to circumnavigate the globe
Consequences of his voyages
- He died
- Lost lots of his crew
- Boat wrecks
ere his voyages considered successful? Yes
Interesting stories:
- Died fighting alongside Rajah Humabon who Magellan became trade partners and friends
- One of his crew masters left in the middle of his voyage and turned to go home
Henry Hudson
Early Life
- Very little is known
- Studied navigation
First Voyage
- Made his first voyage in 1607
- Hired to find shorter route from Europe to Asia through Arctic ocean
- Attempted this voyage 3 times
Second Voyage
- Started in London
- Sailed for British East India Company
- Ended up in Baffin Island
Interesting Facts
- Believed he attended Harvard
- Ice flow made him return to England
- His crew turned on him
- Hudson Bay
Walter Raleigh
Early Life
- 1552
- He lived on a farmhouse in England
- Youngest of 5 siblings
- He grew up hating Roman Catholicism
- Left England at age of 17 to go fight for the french protestants in the Wars of Religion
French War of Religion
- Main combatants were protestants, France, Catholics
- There were 7 wars that lasted over a total of 36 years
- Over 3 million people died
Education
- He attended Oriel College, Oxford, studied law at Middle Temple law college
- During his time in college he became interested in writing poetry and it would become his passion
Travel
- Left with his half brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert
- Goal was to find Northwest Passage
- Never found the passage
- Not successful
- Mission degenerated into a privateering foray against Spanish shipping
- Put in jail for doing so
Later life
- Fought in service of Queen Elizabeth I in Ireland
- Victories and ruthlessness and he siege of Smerwick and establishing English and Scottish Protestants in Munster made him a favorite of Elizabeth
Colonization
- Early supporter of colonization
- Wanted to start a colony in North America
- He was legally allowed to Elizabeth forbid him to leave her service
- Made many trips to establish a colony near Roanoke on coast of North Carolina
- Would have called it Virginia in honor of the virgin queen Elizabeth
- Many delays, quarrels, disorganization, and hostile Indians forced some of the colonists to eventually return to England
- Settlers brought back potatoes and tobacco which were unknown in Europe
- Second voyage they didn't find any trace of the colony
- Now remembered as the "Lost Colony of Roanoke Island"
Fall of Grace
- Walter became Elizabeth's non favorites when he married one of Elizabeth's maid of honor
- In him doing so she was put into jealous ravage and the couple was briefly imprisoned
- Once released he wanted to be one of her favorites again so he set out on voyage to look for land of gold (failure)
- Only found a little gold but was reinstated with the queen
End of Life
- King James I was now the leader Elizabeth was gone
- Walter action with Spanish didn't settle well with the king
- Raleigh's enemies were quick to taint his reputation with the new king
- Because of this he was charged with treason and condemned to death
- Walter and his life lived in tower of London he wrote his own world history book
- King released him to go look for gold in South America
- He invaded and pillaged Spanish territory and was forced back to England
- Because of his actions he was arrested and his original death sentence was for treason was invoked, he was executed
Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
Background
- 1510
- Traveled to New Spain when he was 25
- Married a 12 year old and had 8 kids with her
Who he explored for?
- Spain
- Himself
Why he explored?
- Sent 2 men to North to New Mexico
- Returned after encountering Zuni natives and with tales of a large city
What they found
- Traveled further north than any Europeans before
- Found Cibola
- Arrived at Cibola starving
- Forced entry
- Learned of a great river to the west
- Thought they might use it to get supplies from their fleet
- Couldn't use the Colorado so they went east along the Rio Grande
- Stayed in a village they stole from Tiguex natives
- A man told Coronado about Quivira, to the east
- Met the Apaches was told to travel north to Quivira
- Traveled far into the great plains
Consequences
- Pueblo Indians suffered greatly because of Coronado attacking them and demanding food
Was his exploration considered successful? No he didn't find what he wanted
Interesting stories
- The Turk led them to the great plains
Hernan Cortes
Background
- 1485
- Died 1547
- Nationality: Spanish
- Spouse: Catalina Suarez Marcaida
- Kids: Martin Cortes , Leonor Cortes
What did he do
- When he was 19 he began sailing to the Americas with family acquaintance (Nicolas de Ovando
- Brand new ship was commanded by a man known as Alonso
- Ship members all sailed to Hispaniola where Cortes then became a citizen and a farmer
Discoveries
- In charge of exploring interior of Mexico
- He was told he no longer had to charter sail but he did anyway and had 13 ships, 500 men, 13 hourse, and lots of cannons
- He claimed land for Spanish empire in 1519
- Went through the land he hired more men and got more horses and made his army larger
- Won battle against Native American in Tabasco
Sebastian Cabot
Background
- His dad was John Cabot
- He was a cartographer- map-making
Why he started exploring/Who he sailed for
- Voyage to North America with his father
- Cartographer to King Henry VIII in 1512
Where he explored
- He explored Rio de la Plata
- 3 ships
- He was banned from England-Went to Africa
- Parana and Paraguay rivers
- Found Sancti Spiritus
- Found silver
Sir Francis Drake
Background
- 1540's
- Nickname: El draque, Draco
- Pirate, illicit slave trader, navigator, politician, and privateer
- Circumnavigation/knighthood
Consequences
- Spanish Armada was destroyed
- Spanish treasures were stolen
- Looked at as more of a pirate
Sir Francis Drake
- Circumnavigated the globe from 1577-1580
- Helped defeat the Spanish Armada a 2nd time
- Most renowned seaman of Elizabethan era
- King Phillip II
- 20,000 Ducats= 2.3 million US dollars
- Secret mission to South America
- Knighted by Elizabeth I
- Travels to Florida from England
- Roanoke Island
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