Monday-presentations
Presidential elections- F.D.R was democrat and Hoover was Republican. Norman Thomas was one of the first third party groups. F.D.R. won 89% over 11%. Platform of F.D.R-the new deal, expansion of the government, regulation of banks, started welfare program, put people back to work. Platform of Hoover-raise taxes, spend more, raise tariffs, block trade, republicans didn't like him because he was going to use too much money, and thought he was a socialist. People blamed Hoover for the depression. F.D.R. vs Landon in 1936- Landon got 3 states and F.D.R. got the rest. Platform of F.D.R-protection of the family and home, protect our people from the bad, establishment of a democracy of opportunity for all people, insuring the wealth of the people, aid to people overtaken by disaster, old age and social security, veterans and agriculture. F.D.R. began spending to much money with the new deal. Alf Landon Platform-moderate progressive, anti F.D.R., less government, and get rid of the new deal. Finish watching video from Friday.
Impact of the Great depression had on America-Marriage and divorce-less marriages, less divorces, poor mans divorce(the husband left but the didn't officially get divorced). Crime-Murder, lynching, prohibition, robbery. Suicide-suicide rate went up because they didn't have money and they didn't know what to do and they thought it was their only option. Schooling-Schools were underfunded and there was a high drop out rate. Train Jumping-drop outs from school, moved to get jobs, less burden to their parents(high school kids). Soup kitchens- served food, supplied to all, first privately sponsors then became government funded. Hoovervilles-named after president, outside of inner cities, located in bigger cities, housing areas for people after lost their mortgages. How people survived-had gardens, livestock, traded with other people to get more things(but not money.)
Tuesday-presentations
Causes of the great depression-Depression-a long and severe recession in an economy or market. Causes-stock market crash in October 1929, bank credit and loans, no guarantee from banks, buying on the margin, weak/small bank firms, distribution of wealth around U.S. over 9,000 banks failed. $14 billion lost-$194 Billion in today's money. Vicious cycle-people don't have money, people don't buy, companies stop producing, people lay off, people don't have jobs, people have money. Over producing-cars, home appliances, light bulbs. Drought conditions-dust bowl, 1931 there was only 17 inches of rain that year, low agricultural prices, plowing(to turn the top soil to have better planting conditions), no cover crops, no wind buffers, erosion. When the dust storms came it looked like a huge wall of black dust. People moved from the plains to California and the East.
President hoover's attempt to help solve the great depression-Agricultural marketing act- strop crop prices from rising, half a billion dollars to fund, financial help for the farmers. Reconstruction finance corporation-financial support for many businesses, loans, it started to grow and helped to aid agriculture and financing, was intended to be an independent nonpolitical agency. Smoot-Hawley tariff- tariff-tax on imported goods, raised prices on over 200,000 imported goods, didn't work since world trade was not good.
Wednesday- no school
Thursday-presentations
Bonus Army-assembly of 43,000 some people most veterans, 17,000 were WW1 veterans families and affiliated groups, great depression made them desperate to get money, the congress came up with and certificate, the certificate was around $1.25 to $1.00 as a bonus. $1.25 for every served over seas and $1.00 every served at home, they waited in camps outside of Washington D.C. for the bill to pass, the bill didn't pass, tension rose even further, Hoover sent the military to escort them away from the premises. Military used tear gas and destroyed the tents, Douglas MacArthur (five star general), Dwight D Eisenhower was also the the military group, the president said not to follow the group to the anacostia flats, MacArthur followed and soon afterwards a fire started and no one knew who started it.
Entertainment-big sports-soccer, baseball, football, basketball. Famous athletes-Jesse Owens-track and field, four time Gold medalist. Lou Gehrig-baseball, first basemen for New York Yankees. Charlie Conacher-ice hockey-played for many teams, January 1st he was named one of the best hockey players of all time. Music- jazz music was popular-Shirley temple, gene Autry, Billie Holiday, Roy rogers, Bing Crosby. Radio-40% of Americans owned radios, live musical performances, drama, comedy acts, talk and educational shows came later. Popeye the sailor had his debut in 1929. Fads-family game night, goldfish swallowing, stamp collecting, reading. Movies were very big.
Franklin Roosevelt's Background and accomplishments- He was the only child, he went to Harvard but he was a C student, then he went to Columbia university law school and thought it was boring so he dropped out and went into politics. 1910 ran as a New York State Senate, he ran a Democrat in an area full of republicans, his last name helped him win the election, he formed alliances with Louis Howe. !914 he ran the be the Senate, he lacked White house support, made many political enemies, he lost the election. As president he passed the new deal program, made tons of organization s to help the economy, created a lot of construction to give people jobs. Civilian conservation corp, gave jobs to unmarried men, National Youth Admin. made jobs for Americans 16-25, agricultural adjustment act, payed farmers so there wouldn't be a crop surplus.
Friday-presentations
The 3 R's-FDR pushed for the creation of new agencies to deal with depression. Relief-these programs provided immediate aid to Americans. Recovery-these programs provided jobs to the unemployed without government assist. Reform-changed the way the government and businesses "goal". Civil works admin.-created jobs. farm security admin-helped farm families. Federal emergency relief admin-gave loans to the states to operate relief program. National recovery admin-brought industry and government together to create codes and raise prices. Ag. adjustment act-the purpose was to reduce crop over load and effectively raise the value of crops. Federal housing admin.-set standards for the construction and underwriting for building homes. Underwriting-sign accept liability under an insurance policy, guaranteeing payment in case lose or damages occur. Rural electrification admin.-provided loans to install electricity. National labor Relations Act-protect the rights of employees. Tennessee Valley Authority-provided navigation, flood control, electricity generation the the Tennessee Valley.
First and second deal differences- First deal-social security, response to great depression, 3 R's(relief, reform, recovery) Second deal-Improve use of natural resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, slum clearance, work relief program. Deficit spending and "priming the pump"- refers to an old fashioned water pump, which requires something to work properly, the government tried to stop the spending in other areas, tried to get government programs for people affected by the great depression.
Fire side chats-during the great depression, FDR gave 30 speeches on advice on how to help people gain money or advice on what to do. Broadcast on the radio, sat next the the fire, talked to the public about advice on the great depression. Made people feel better about themselves. 100 days of FDR's presidency- beginning of FDR presidency and ended the great depression. FDR-passed 15 bills, ended the gold standard, national bank holiday, put 250,000 men to work in rural areas.
Court packing-FDR had a meeting with his cabinet members and the Senate Democratic Leadership, Roosevelt proposed his "Court-packing" bill to circumvent the courts unfavorable rulings. His campaign was that the court "was in complete charge of the whole republican party" which was instrument of laissez-faire. He was targeting 6 of the 9 Supreme court justices. Because they had challenged his domestic programs. FDR wanted 15 justices instead of 9, increase the courts efficiency, wanted to bring new justices to balance out the opinion, he wanted some new "life". The court issued the first ruling on the new deal statue, striking down the provision on the national recovery industrial act, imposed new control on production and pricing on oil.
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