Classical Greece: three main geographys: the sea allowed great oppertunity for trade and travel The land: rugged mountains covered about 3/4 of ancient Greece. mountains were often the divider for different regions played a big role in wars. the climate: never got below 40 or above 90. Minoan influence: minoans created an eleagant civilization Mycenaean Develops: the myceaeans were heavily influenced by the minoans. they came from indo- migrants Dorian: spoke a kinda of greek. not as advanced as the others, no writing system. focused on storytelling. dorian and the mycaean people started to identify less with culture of thier ancestors. a polis was made up of a city and its surrounding countryside.
Monarchy: state ruled by a king. rule is heredity.
Aristocracy: state ruled by nobility. rule is heredictary and based on ties and social rank, wealth.
Oligarchy: state ruled by a small group of citizens. rule is based on wealth and ability.Direct democracy: state ruled by citizenship. majority ruled decides vote.
Athens: Athens was taking steps towards a democracy. there were a major reforms for the next 100 years.
Key Players:
Darco- developed legal codes
Solon- stated that no citizen should own another. organized athens into four social classes based on wealth.
Cleistenes- broke athens up based on region that the citizens lived instead of wealth
4 requirements to be a citizen:
free, adult, propertty owner, born in athens.
sparta was located in the southern part of greece.
spartan government: several branches. two kings that ruled over the spartan military.
Start of the persian war: war betweeen Greece and persian empire. it first began in lonia on the coast of anatolia. in 490 b.c. the persian fleet of 25,000 men landed in an area called marathon. 10,000 athenians meet them there. the Athenians were using this new fighting formations called the phalanx. the persians were not well trained in this type of land fighting. the persians also wore very light armor. Even though athenians, they left their city without much of an army. according to tradition army leaders would send a runner to alert the athens of the battle. he ran 26 miles said a few words and then calapsed and died. Ten years later Xerxes darius the greats son had become the successor of the persian army. The didnt know how to handle all the persians. some thought they should fight. some thought it wasnt worth it and they should allow them to burn it. some fought with the persians.
Famous battle of Thermopylae:
a narrow mountain pass was the setting of this battle.
A traitor went to Xerxes and informed him of a secret path around the pass.
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