Change
- During the Dorian period...
- --Dorian and the mycenaean people started to identify less with culture of their acestors and more with the local area
- --Government made the transition from tribal or clan to more formal governments called city-states
Government
- A polis was made up of a city and its surrounding countryside, which would include numerous villages.
- Citizens of the polis would come together to meet at an acropolis to discuss their city governments
- Not all city-states had the same form of government
Different forms of Government
Monarchy
- State ruled by a king
- rule is hereditary
- some rulers claim that they have a divine right to rule
- Divine right-It was God's will to have them rule
- Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C.
Aristocracy
- State ruled by nobility
- Rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, wealth
- Social status and wealth support rulers authority
- Practiced in Athens prior to 594 B.C.
Oligarchy
- State ruled by a small group of citizens
- rule is based on wealth and/or ability
- ruling group controls the military
- Practiced in Sparta by 500 B.C.
Direct Democracy
- State ruled by the citizens-you have to be a citizen to have a say
- Rule is based on citizenship
- Majority rule decides vote
- practiced in Athens by 500 B.C.
Athens
- About the 600 B.C., Athens was taking steps toward a democracy
- There were major reforms for the next 100 years that would eventually lead to a democracy
Key players
- Draco
- Developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under law
- He had very harsh punishments for nearly any crime
- He believed in debt slavery
- The word "draconian" has come to mean "extreme cruelty or severity
- Solon
- Stated that no citizen should own another
- organized athens into four social classes based on wealth
- Only top three classes could hold political office
- however, all four could participate in the Athenian assembly
- Cleisthenes
- Broke Athens up based on region that the citizens lived instead of wealth (10 groups)
- He increased the power of the assembly by allowing all citixens to submit laws for debate and passage
- Created the council of Five Hundred
- Proposed laws
- Counseled the assembly
- Members were chosen at random
Limited Democracy
- The reforms allowed for a limited democracy
- However, all people were citizens
- Requirements:
- Free
- Adult
- Property owner
- Born in Athens
Sparta
- Located in the southern part of Greece
- Was cut off from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
Spartan Government
- Several branches
- Assembly, all citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues
- council of elders, 30 older citizens, proposed laws on the assembly to vote on
- five elected officials that carried out the laws that were passed by the assembly
- two kings that ruled over Sparta's military
Athens vs. Sparta
- Compare and contrast
- Purpose of education for boys and girls
- responsiblities of citizens and noncitizens
- roles of women in society
- opportunites for artistic expression
- military
Education in Athens vs. Sparta
- Athens
- The purpose of education was to produce citizens trained in the arts, and to prepare citizens for both peace and war.
- Until age 6, boys were home schooled by their mother or a male slave. Then, they went to primary school or private school. After that, boys attended a higher school for four years. When they turned 18, they went military school for two additional years. At age 20, they graduated.
- Girls were not educated in school but often learned to read and write at home.
- Sparta
- The purpose of education was to produce a well drilled, well disciplined army. Spartans believed in a life of discipline, self denial, and simplicity. They were very loyal to Sparta. Every Spartan, male or female, was required to have a perfect body.
- When babies were born, they had to pass an examination that determined whether they would be trained as a slave if they were not healthy, or assigned to a brotherhood or sisterhood if they were healthy
- Spartan boys were sent to military school at age 6 or 7. They lived, trained and slept in the barracks of their brotherhood. They were taught survival skills and other skills necessary to be a great soldier. School courses were very hard and often painful.
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