Today is presentation day.
Notes
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture. buffalo were everything, war, one with nature
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? more land
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? At first we gave them the great plains then said go to reservations, Dawes act very unsuccessful
-Describe a cowboy's life. Cattle industry began when Indians went to reservations. Big cities made beef demand go up, and more railroads helped. Drought of 1883 made it so cattle couldn't graze and winter of 1886 killed lots of cattle and cowboys ended cattle industry. Open range. Most cowboys were considered white but some were black and mexican. Most cowboys worked for a ranch.
Cattle Drive- moving cattle across a country, 12 man crew could handle 2,000 to 3,000 cattle
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? Homestead act gave each head of house 160 acres of land to farm, railroads help them move but were super expensive
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? Indian attacks and raids
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Equipment cause farmers to go broke,
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Droughts and expensive railroad/farming equipment
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? Farmers and common people were the populist party, Based out of omaha, wanted to help farmers get out of debt, wanted to give people greater voice in government, White rich males basically ran government, They call for increase of money, wanted graduated income tax, Wanted people of state to choose there senators, wanted single terms for president and vp, they wanted to have secret ballot, Scared people into voting for who they wanted, called for 8 hour work day, Didnt get most of these passed
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? Increase of workers mostly immigrants, increase of factories, better inventions likes steam wheel incandescent light bulb, oil boom, tons of natural resources. Rich people thrived and government helped big business, laissez fairre French word that means government stay out of business.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
incandescent light bulb,steam wheel oil boom,
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US? Helped transportation, went all over the country, railroads over charged farmers
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? Over charged farmers, and towns would spring up on railroads
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Farmers didn’t like railroads because they sold land to business not to settlers, Railroads charged farmers way too much to use railroad, Grangers were group of farmers who didn’t like railroads, They tried to help the farmers fight against railroads, interstate commerce act set up interstate commerce commision to carry out laws agaisnt railroad abuse
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
Ch. 6.3:
monopoly is when company is in complete control of everything only company that is in that business, a trust is a monopoly, sherman antitrust acts breaks up and tries to prevent monopolies
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. was superintendent of Pennsylvania railroad, got paid in stocks and opened up steel company. made more steel than great britan
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. richest person in history, owned standard oil company, had lots of mergers and bought out many other companies,
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? that the big business survive and little ones die off or the strong surive
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). By using trusts and mergers and buying out other companies, horizontal integration buying out business, vertical integration would buy everything he need like oil fields railroads and stores he sold it in
-How did the government try to regulate business? Sherman antitrust act prevented trusts and tries to prevent monopolies
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose? a group of people in the same work field coming together to better their working conditions,
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples. Workers came together to protect and further their rights and interests, pay wasn't good, violence occurred, and machinery sometimes were dangerous to workers, unions would go on strike which means they wouldn't work until they got what they wanted, types of strike-slow down strike/sit down strike/ sick out strike/ sympathy strike/ general strike. Factory owners hired kids becuase they wouldn't go on strike or complain or join labor unions.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? to escape famine, more land, freedom of religion, birds of passage were people who came to get something then go back, came for jobs, lots of different groups of people went to areas were they could thrive Mexicans went to mid west to farm Chinese went to California
WASP-white anglo saxons protestant
Where did immigrants come from? All over the world,
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? Racism, bad living conditions on boats coming to US, if you had a disease they sent your right back,
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? Because there were to many of them and taking to many of Americans jobs
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Lots of immigrants and all lived in cities for work, immigrants went to settlement house if they couldn't find homes,
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? overpopulation and gross living conditions, horses pooping all over the place, No indoor plumbing, sewage would flow in the street, garbage and dead animals in streets,
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
organized trash pick up and less crap in the streets
Ch. 7.3
called it gilded age looked good on the outside but corrupt on the inside
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? group of people offering services to people made local governments, bribed people to vote for them,
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. He was a major land owner, bribed new immigrants to vote for his party, took tax payers money, would pay off cops and judges and juries,
What caused all this corruption in government? immigrants were easy to take advantage of, lack of government laws, spoils system winner of election could choose all the other people in the government,
What laws came about to reform government? Made merit system so you couldn't buy your way into office, pendleton civil service act made people make tests to see if they were fit for the job
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clause, Jim crow laws,
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. Separate but equal, Court said Jim Crow laws were consitutional
In the west chinease came over took jobs also brought over their gangs,
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