Ch. 5.1:
presentation day
Battle of Little Bighorn- Custer's Last Stand- Custer and all of his men were killed. Indians won.
Battle of Wounded Knee- 1890. last battle.. Indians lost and one of the last battle we and the Indians had.
-Describe Native American culture.
nature and animals=very important. use every part of the animals nothing went to waist. bows and arrows. farming, hunting. were the first ones here. they didn't have horses at first. Spanish brought them.they didn't understand buying and owning land.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
gave 160 acres of land to head of the house and 80 acres to each unmarried adult. land not of use would be sold to the settlers. Trying to make the Indians into farmers. Or to become like us.most of the land that was suppose to go to the Indians got sold to the other settlers.
-Describe a cowboy's life.
Long drive- they were moving cattle from Texas to Kansas 100's and 100's of miles. cowboys were the ones who did the drives. they really had to watch their backs because they had Indians and other predatory animals coming after their cattle. they had to drive the cattle to somewhere else because the south didn't have.railroads.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
1862 offered 160 acres of land to the head of the house. it started out as a good idea to make people move out west. but then people started cheating and getting more than what they needed. rules you had to settle on the land for 5 years. the house had to be 10x12 house. you had to maintain and farm for 5 years. very small fee. Oklahoma- 2 million acres given away. some went before it was declared they became called the sooners. business took over the land. too expensive to travel not all of the land was worth taking.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
pen range- 1800’s ranchers could herd cattle to other land, pasture even if it wasn’t theirs 1880 had to have land fenced in where ranchers put their cows on other people’s land cows were free to move ranchers needed open range to transport cattle sheep grazed down grass and killed it which cowboys didn’t like farmers put up fences and didn’t like cowboys
Cattle industry flourished in the 1800’s new types of cattle Herefords and longhorns big boom-demand for beef
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Great plains- droughts, floods blizzards, extreme temperatures locust plagues-grasshoppers and others eat the plants use to blacken sky
Farmer’s debt- bought elaborate machinery, purchased more land, cost of shipping grain Human conflicts- Native Americans and outlaws confrontations- Native Americans: on their land cattle ranchers: having the cattle on their land Why barb wire? There weren’t trees
Great plains- west of the Missouri and Rockies very few trees on the plains made houses out of sod called soddies kept cool in summer and warm in winter dust women helped on the farm a lot more animal chores and canned produce dug wells stepped up and became family doctors, school teachers, and leaders of the church out west women did more
Ch. 5.3:
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? Farmers Alliances (Farmer's Alliance and Granges) started in July 2nd, 1892 underdogs can come together and succeed agendas of reform can succeed People's party tried to fight against white rich males railroads took advantage of farmers-had to pay high prices to transport got caught up in mortgages sent lectures to towns to educate others of the burden of debt from farmers became a movement to fight railroads farmers group had different demands: -increase in money supply: more money the value of the dollar goes down -leading to higher prices in received goods and services -federal loan program weren't working so they wanted new ones graduated income tax-the more you make, the more taxes you pay -senators by popular vote -single terms for President and VP -immigration restrictions would take jobs and lower wages -secret ballot common for people to look to see who you are voting for -8 hour work day farmers and factory workers populist pushed for it
Panic of 1893- railroads went bankrupt gold supply wore thin people traded in paper money for gold Bimetallism- government gave metals in exchange for paper gold and silver William Jennings Bryan- gave antigold speech farmers wanted more money so crops would go up.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
tons of natural resourses
gov. helped businesses
immigrants provided cheap labor
cities were growing
oil boom
able to make steel
railroads
late 1700's started in Britain, agriculture, oil, steel, inventions, factories, economy, and effects. 2000 barrels a day to 4 million barrels a day of oil. children had to work in factories. lots got hurt or killed.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
typewriter, telephone, light bulb and airplane were the big inventions of that year. negatives upper class got richer lower class got poorer. children working in factories.
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
negative- got rid of the Indians positive- could get more things faster bring goods to people, brought our country together, brought the time zones. rail roads when about the same difference as the organ trail but much fast and safer. little towns started to be built. people could come out west and spread out and discover new land because its easier to travel. people could get the things they needed alot fast because they could get the stuff quicker. they had tough conditions, snow heat, blowing up mountains.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
missued the grants, farmers wanted to use the land for what its meant for and they wanted to farm it. the Indians didnt like it because it was destroying their land and the animals wouldn't cross over the tracks so they had to move more the keep with their food.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
the would come around and checked up on the railroads. and make sure they were doing what need to e done. allowed the government to make sure the rail road were doing things right. problems- management, over building, built so many and so far, competition, bankruptcies, depression,
Ch. 6.3:
forming monopolies- when a company has full control over the market. standard oil company. government likes competition because it keeps prices lower. this all happened in the 19th century.
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
him and his family started out poor he would re-thread spools to make money he would make 1.20 for the whole week. he is the founder of the steel empire. his business was called, Carnegie steel. he gave millions of dollars to the poor.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
big part of the oil company he turned it into a monopoly he would buy out other competition so he would have more power he was a sneaky person he would try to cheat people out. he made all the little companies into one big one.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
-How did the government try to regulate business?
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
organisations to fight/stop the bad working conditions in the factories. people working there would make up the labor union. early examples- knights of labor-1869 and american federation of labor- 1886. they wanted higher pay, less hours and safer working conditions, more benefits. strikes- when a group of people stop working to make a point. it puts a lot of pressure on the company to meet their demand so they get back to work.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
yes and no- everything was against the union
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US
when a group of people move from one country to another it is a result of temp. natural disaster, family reunification, more money or better jobs or for a better life.
Where did immigrants come from?
All over the world
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
Sickness death small living spaces unclean living spaces
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
they are taking our jobs and land
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
immigration.
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?
cramped, old, dirty lack of good transportation, not much of safe drinking water, fires, diseases
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
giving money to help build better living spaces.
Ch. 7.3
the population in the 1800's went from 10 million to 54 million from immigration. problems- row houses, trash went every where, diseases spread quickly from so many ppl in one house. water wasnt that bad. from 1800's to 1900's the populations really jumped.
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
machines turned to fraud. - organization of people - they would over charge people.. the machines would give grants to businesses.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
stole from the people. the ppl would do construction in the city and when they asked for the money but he would charge ppl alot more and so after he payed the construction or what ever he would still have alot of money he would keep for himself.
What caused all this corruption in government?
dishonest people in the government.
What laws came about to reform government?
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president
Ch. 8.3:
civil war ended in 1865. 13 amendment was passed it got ride of slavery. the KKK began- killed blacks and Catholics.
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
separate but equal- segregation
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