Monday-
No school
Tuesday-
Earliest Homo Sapiens
- Found in Morocco (Africa) June, 2017
- Oldest Homo Sapiens fossils found so far
- Previous oldest was 150,00 years ago
- These fossils date back 300,00-350,000
All of these lead to....
- Homo Sapiens around 200,000 years
Neanderthal vs Cro-magnon
- Neanderthal more stupid but strong
Migration
- Humans moved everywhere because we are so adaptable
Agriculural Revolution
- Prior to more organized agricultur, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants-hunter-gatherer
- They lived in groups of about 25-70 peopls
- No one knows exactly how things changed, but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
- Along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats and pigs
As temperature went up population and agriculte went up
- As time went on people set up villages and then those turned into towns and cities
- As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerfed leading to civilization
- As cities grew, social classes emerged
Civilization
- An advanced satate of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry and government has been reached
- a Highly advanced society
Traits of a society
- Advanced cities
- writing/ record keeping
- Specialized workers
- complex institutions
- Advanced technology
Wednesday-
Specialized Workers
- Merchants, soldiers, priests, potters, scribes, teachesr, metalworkers, government officials farmers, weavers
Complex Institutions
Formal governments, priests with both religious and politcal power, education
Advanced Cities
- Uruk-Population of about 50,000
- Lagash-Population of about 10,000 to 50,000
- Umma-Population of about 10,000 to 50,000
Questions to consider
- What are natural borders? (rivers, deserts, mountains)
- What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilization? (Rivers, mountains for protection)
- Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive? (they can not be taken down by others if they wanna thrive)
Waterways
- Arose in 4 seperate river valleys around 3500 B.C.
- Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportaion, water for crops & drinking
- Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses
Ch. 2.1 Vocab
- The Fertile Crescent- (Mesopotamia) (land between Tigris and Euphrates River)
- Mesopotamia-land between the rivers
- City-state-A city and the surrounding territory it controls-functioned like an independent country
- Dynasty-A series of rulers from a single family-father to son
- Cultural diffusuion-Process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
- Polytheism-Belief in many gods
- Monotheism- Belief in only one god
- Empire- Group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
Thursday-
Mandate from Heaven
- A just ruler that has approval from the gods
- An unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
Dynastic Cycle
- The rise, fall and replacment of dynasties
Friday-
Assigned civilization
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