Monday- Peloponnesian War... The plague killed Pericles. Pericles plan to win: avoid land battles and wait to attack Sparta from the sea and building walls protecting city and port. Rise of the Philosophers=lovers of wisdom. A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life, after losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian war, people in Athens turned to Philosophers for answers. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are all philosophers. Socrates: 470-399 BC. Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece, Socrates taught by asking questions/ honor and integrity not wealth and power. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method. Socrates was put on trial and found guilty for "corrupting the youth of Athens". He was put to death-hemlock (poison). His saying was, " there is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance. Plato- was a student of Socrates, he started a school called the academy and it lasted 900 years, he wrote the Republic- the book talked about a perfectly governed society- not a democracy. In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups; farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class. The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king. Aristotle 384-322 BC: Aristotle was a student of Plato, he wrote about science, art, law, poetry, gov, ect. Taught Alexander the Great, " He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them". The Story of Ancient Greece- 2000 BC to 300 BC (ch. 5)- Ancient Greece: How do you know about ancient Greece? Seven wonders of Greece. Colossus of Rhodes- statue of Helios, Greek Titan God, it was made of bronze, is is the same size of the statue of liberty, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world, lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake. Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders. The Temple of Artemis- built around 800 BC, Artemis is the Greek goddess of Fertility, the temp was destroyed several times due to wars, current day archaeologists have found the foundation of 5 temples built on top of each other. The statue of Zues at Olympia- built around 450 BC, The statue was said to be made of gold and marble, eventually destroyed after being taken apart and moved. The mausoleum at Halicarnassus- built around 353 BC, Tomb was built by Queen Artemis as a tribute to her husband/brother king Mausolus. Destroyed by earthquakes. The lighthouse of Alexandria- the lighthouse was built 280 BC, it was the worlds first lighthouse (reflected sunlight by day/fire at night). most likely destroyed by earthquakes. Key Terms: Peninsula- a piece of land surrounded by water on the majority of its border, while being connected to a mainland for which it extends. Minoan- a seafaring and trading people that lived ion the island of Crete (2000-1400 BC). Mycenaean- an indo-european person who settled on Greek Mainland around 2000 BC. Trojan War- army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy. Dorian- people that migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization. Homer- great story teller who was blind. Epic- narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds. Myth- traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes. Geography of Greece- is a small country in Europe, the main part of Greece is on a peninsula, Greece is surrounded by the Mediterranean sea, Aegean Sea, and Ionian Sea. The rest of Greece is made up of islands 6000 (only 227 being inhabited).Tuesday- Mykonos Island. Crete, Rhodes. Importance of Geography to Greece: the sea was extremely important to the Greeks because they had a good navy and were on the seas. They did not "live on the ground" but on "around the sea". Most Greeks lived withing 85 miles of the sea, used the sea as a means of transportation, the sea linked all important parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to the lack of resources. Geography- mountains covered 3/4 of ancient Greece. Mt. Olympus- home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods. 12 Olympian Greek Gods: zues- king of the gods, sky, thunder. Hera- god of women and marriage (married to zues). Demeter- god of harvest and agriculture. Poseidon- god of sea, Athena - goddess of wisdom and courage (daughter of zues and hera). Apollo- god of music, poetry, healing. Artemis- god of the hunt, wild animals, childbirth. Aphrodite- goddess of love, beauty, and pleasure. Ares- goddess of war. Hermes- transitions and boundaries. Hephaestus- blacksmiths, craftsmen, and artisans. Hestia- hearth, home, domesticity, family. Dionysus- vine, grape harvest, wine making, wine. Due to mountains, transportation over land was difficult. Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture. Due to these issues, ancient Greece never had a large-population no more than a few million. These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand. Greek City-States: due to Greece's geography, City-States developed instead of a unified country. Some were ruled by kings, others were ruled by small groups of noble, landowning families, and others by a few powerful people. Ancient Olympics- records of Olympic dates to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them. Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days. Happened every fours years- an Olympiad. Started as a tribute to Zues and has a mythological origin. The modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896 in Russia. Ancient Olympics- the big competition at the Games was the Pentathlon, Long Jump, Javelin, Discus, Stadion 200 yards, Wrestling. Greek Climate- Normally there was always good weather (lived comfortably). Minoans and Mycenaean: Minoan civilization- 2000-1500 BC, heavily influenced by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, named after legendary Crete king Minos of Greek mythology, known for its trade on the seas, due to its isolation on the island of Crete they were generally peaceful. Minoans- known for its advanced cities - knossus (not overcrowded, plumbing, toilets, sewers. Art- known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations, known for their art and pottery. Downfall- around 1500 BC the minoan civilization ended abruptly, historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships, they could have been over ran by the Mycenaeans. Some historians think minoa could have been Atlantis.Wednesday- NO SCHOOLThursday- VideosFriday- Video. Mycenaens- controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC-1100 BC
Comments