today we began assigned blogs discussion. We took notes over the blogs.
Temperance movement 18th amendment- The banning of alcohol. 18th amendment banned alcohol. Prohibition was a very criminal time. Home made alcohol smuggling of alcohol. Banned selling, making, and transporting alcohol, but consumption wasn't banned. Carrie Nation had a dream from god and went into bars with a hatchet and started destroying bars. WCTU woman's christian temperance union.
Muck Rakers- Journalists that went around and discovered and published the dirty things in our country. Like showing how bad hospitals treated patients, and showing the slums of the cities. Upton Sinclair was most famous Muck Raker. Writes book called "The Jungle" which exposes how bad the meat industry was.
Ida Tarbell- Another Muck Raker. She is given credit for helping take down Standard Oil. Wrote an article exposing the dark side of Standard Oil.
Lincoln Steffens- Wrote article called "Shame of The Cities". He exposed the corruption in city governments.
Laws making work place better- Sherman Anti-trust act helped break up the big companies which treated workers bad. 10 hour workday, child labor, workmen compensation laws, and labor unions were strengthened.
17th amendment- Direct election of US senators by citizens. Made it so white rich males couldn't run everything.
Teddy Roosevelt- Square deal-Conservation of natural resources, consumer protection, and breaking up monopolies. Made to help middle class and break up trust. It would attack the rich. Helped in welfare and education
Breaking up strikes- he believed that people had the right to strike. He didn't like the idea of military breaking up strikes. He had arbitrators or middle men who would go in and make a plan between the company and employees
Gentleman's agreement- Agreement between US and Japan. We made agreement that restricted Japanese immigrants from coming in.
Breaking up trust- Teddy went to break up the major monopolies.
Sherman anti-trust act- he enforced the act better than previous presidents.
Elkins act- End large companies from demanding rebates from railroads when using there shipping.
Hepburn act- bill made in 1906 helped limit railroads power. Enforced the interstate commerce commission.
Pure food and drug act- had to do with the harmful things put in food. Enforced by FDA. Making sure food is labeled and that the drugs are labeled and healthy
Federal employer liability act-States had own workman's compensation. But it wasn't very good. This act made it so if you can prove that you got hurt on the job but they still have to pay you.
Meat inspection act- made inspectors check meat to see that it was healthy and clean. Made factories be clean and employees be clean.
Antiquities act- Law setting aside land for national parks
Reclamation act- set up irrigation system for farmers out west.
Policy towards blacks- said blacks had very valuable trait, and some were better than white men. Murder happened in Texas blamed blacks unjustly and Roosevelt dishonorable discharged the entire union.
William Howard Taft- Born into long family. Became President because Roosevelt basically said i want this guy to be my successor. Became president but wasn't a very good political leader and upset congress because he didn't undo Roosevelt's reforms. He was the fattest president. Became supreme court head justice.
Taft's domestic policies-
Paine Aldrich Tariff- Tariff is a price on incoming goods. high tariffs made foreign prices higher. He tried to lower tariff but failed making progressives mad. Common people benefited from low tariffs. This act lowered some tariffs a little.
Land dispute- Fired Ballinger, was a friend of Roosevelt and well know conservationist and progressive. Made it look like Taft was letting rich people buy the land Roosevelt set aside by Roosevelt.
Breaking up Trusts- Taft had double the number of trust cases compared to Roosevelt. Taft believed all trusts were bad. Taft broke up Standard OIl.
Income tax/ 16th amendment- Government could collect taxes on the amount of money people received Set up graduated Income tax. Government didn't have to share the money with states. Used income tax to pay for things.
Taft's policy towards blacks- He didn't really help them. Still very segregated. Most blacks lived in south working for farms. Had Freedom but still weren't very free they were in debt. Helping blacks was unpopular.
Woodrow Wilson
1912 Presidential election- Democratic Candidate was Woodrow Wilson. His plate form was he wanted to break monopolies, lower tariffs, direct election of senators, single term served by president, and independence for Philippians.
Republican platform- William Howard Taft. He wanted to keep breaking up Trusts, improve postal service.
Progressive/bull moose party- His platform was, make people want to vote, reserve control of politics in business, 8 hour workday, women's suffrage, women's minimum wage.
Socialists candidate/platform- Eugene V Debs, wanted tax reform, direct election of president, social insurance, women's suffrage and shortened workday. Socialists were kind of like communism.
Election Results- Wilson won electoral vote. He won becuase republicans split votes between Taft and Roosevelt.
Woodrow Wilsons life and accomplishments
child hood- went to David college and Princeton college. Graduate from law school. Was a lawyer. Published a book. Was a teacher/professor. PHD. President of Princeton. Governor of New Jersey. Collasped after a speech and never recovered and died. Took him a year and a half so his wife ran the white house while he was sick. Was married twice.
Domestic acomplishments-
clayton antitrust act- Clarified anti-sherman trust act. Strengthened anti trust act and helped break up monopolies. Allowed labor unions to strike legally
Federal trade commission- Created to break up trusts. Carries out Sherman and Clayton anti trust acts.
Federal Farm loan act- a way to increase credits to rural farms. Made a federal farm loan board. A loan given by government to help farmers.
Underwood tarrif- lowered tariffs
federal reserve act- set up federal reserve. set up how banking in the U.S would work. Allowed government to use dollars bills and not coins. it was backed up by gold. made 12 banking areas controlled by large corporations. Banks borrow money from federal reserve.
Keding owen act- First child labor law. Banned selling of products made by children between states (children under 16)
Ademson act- Gave 8 dollar workday and money for overtime for railroad workers.
U.S neutrality in WW1- we could trade with both sides. Britains would stop our ships and seize goods. Germans though would sink our trade ships killing Americans.
Policy towards blacks- didn't do anything to help them. He brought segergarion in Washington DC.
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