-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment
Helped pass 18th amendment (banned alcohol-called devil's drink) in 1919... Women and churches pushed for prohibition...Blamed crime on alcohol...Prohibition led to more organized crime... Prohibition was ended by 21st amendment
-Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens
"Raked up the muck of society"... Investigative journalists went after businesses, corruption, the problems of society... Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens were most famous Muckrakers... Upton Sinclair exposed the nasty stuff that was put into meat in meat packing plants...Ida Tarbell let Americans know the terrible things that Rockefeller did and eventually Standard Oil was broken up into several different companies...Lincoln Steffens went after corruption in state/local government... Because of Muckraker's work, government started to step in and regulate businesses and organizations.
-Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc
Workman's compensation- Pays for medical bills and such if employee is unable to do job because of injury acquired on job... Child Labor laws- Stop children working in factory
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment
Established direct election of us senators by popular vote
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment
19th Amendment gave women the right to vote... Women didn't have equal rights or voice in the government... Happened in 1800s... Women's suffrage movement led to "supposedly" equal pay... Susan B. Anthony- leading figure in women's rights...
-Teddy Roosevelt's Background
Very sick as a child... Went to Harvard... Wife died during child labor of kidney failure... Moved out to Dakota territory and lived on a ranch... Went back into politics and married again... Had 5 kids... Became New York City Police Department Chief... In 1899 Elected Governor of New York in 1900 was Vice President...President died... He stepped in from 1901 to 1909... Died of a heart attack
-Teddy Roosevelt's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Square Deal
Nickname given to Theodore Roosevelt's campaign- Conservation of Natural Resources, Control of corporations, and consumer protection... Helped bring about better products for consumers
2. Breaking up strikes
Broke up many strikes including a large one to cause a mine to shut down
3. Breaking up trusts-trustbuster
Broke up at least 30 major companies. Only went after bad trusts
4. Regulating railroads-Elkins Act, Hepburn Act
Designed to lower prices of railroads... Got rid of free pass and rebates railroads would give to big businesses. Making sure that the rates railroads charge were reasonable
5. Pure Food and Drug Act
Required companies to put labels on food... Made food safer
6. Meat Inspection Act
Brought about from Hudson Sinclairs report over the meat processing plants... Everything you could imagine was getting into meat... Meat Inspection act made companies label what was in the meat...
7. Conservation-Transfer Act, Antiquities Act
Roosevelt was first green president brought about national parks and forest rangers and other stuff... Antiquities act set aside land for national parks
8. Newlands Reclamation Act
Helped farmers set up irrigation systems in 13 states in the west...
9. Gentleman's Agreement
Stopped america's racism towards Japanese
10. Federal Employers Liability Act
Workman's compensation originally for Railroad workers... led to every factory worker/ any job... in 1908
11. Policy toward African-Americans
Roosevelt treated them with respect/ fairly... didn't stop people from being racist but still treated African Americans with respect
-William Howard Taft's Background
Fattest president... became head justice of supreme court...won 1908 election... only person to serve as president and in the supreme court
-William Howard Taft's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Tax on imported goods. Taft promised to lower tariffs, and this did and didn't do that. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff lowered a few tariff's, raised a few others, and kept most of them the same.
2. Ballinger/Pinchot Land Dispute
Ballinger was for conservation... Pinchot and Taft went for the non conservation route
3. Breaking up trusts
Broke up nearly 90 trusts... Broke up good and bad trusts
4. Income Tax-16th Amendment
Government imposed a federal income tax... Allows government to pay for things that they need
5. Policy towards African-Americans
Wasn't against african americans... didn't do much to help them... created the NAACP-National association for the advancement of colored people
-1912 Presidential Election
1. Democratic candidate and platform
Woodrow Wilson-Tariff reduction, stronger anti-trust laws, federal income tax, currency reform, women's right to vote,
2. Republican candidate and platform
William Howard Taft- Reasonable tariff, destroy monopolies,
3. Progressive(Bull Moose) Party and platform
Teddy Roosevelt-Regulate monopolies, conservation, minimum wage standards, 8 hr workday
4. Socialist candiate and platform
8hr workday, minimum work day, prohibition, make things more equal
5. Results and why Wilson won
Woodrow Wilson won... because republican party was split
-Woodrow Wilson's Background
Was a lawyer, governor of New Jersey, His wife ran presidency for last 18 months while paralyzed... died 1924
-Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Broke up sherman anti trust act... gave labor unions legal rights to exist... no longer fired for joining a labor union..
2. Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
did a lot to stop monopolies... looked out for consumers by going after big companies
3. Federal Farm Loan Act
1916-to increase credit to rural farmers... gave out more loans... started the farm loan board
4. Underwood Tariff
set up federal reserve system... allowed banks to issue money to people... people would run to banks and take all money out of banks and bank would shut down...
5. Federal Reserve Act
banks would borrow money from federal reserve to prevent them from shutting down after bank runs/ panics
6. Keating–Owen Act
Attempted to get rid of child labor
7. Adamson Act
Established 8hr workday... and overtime
8. US Neutrality in WWI
Immediately declared neutrality... entered war in 1917... most of fighting in 1918
9. Policy towards African-Americans
Segregation was good... made it illegal for interracial marriage
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