Today we are discussing our blogs with the class.
Notes: The Progressive Reform Era 1890-1920 (read other blogs too)
Continued the same thing today and Mr. Bruns went over everything people talked about today.
Took a test on the 30th.
Topics:
-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment:
group of people who wanted to change things like getting alcohol banned. It was passed in 1919. Prohibition was when people were making alcohol and smuggling it across places. Female Progressives blamed domestic abuse on alcohol. Production, selling, and transportation of alcohol was made illegal but you drink and posses it in your personal home. WCTU-Women's Christian Temperance Union wanted to get rid of alcohol.
-Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens:
Muckrakers were journalist who exposed issues in the hospital systems. The name comes from a nickname in a book because they were raking in the muck of society. Investigate society. Upton Sinclair was probably the most famous muckraker and was going to write a book on immigrants and he realized there was a bigger story when he went into a meat packaging place and he wrote about gross things that went into the meat like rats, spit, saw dust, and so on. It was called like The Jungle or something. Ida Tarbell was a women and couldn't vote and she wrote a book on what Rockefeller did how he drove small businesses out of business and how he didn't pay his employees well and the oil company was broken up in 1911 so she did get credit for her book. Lincoln Steffens he wrote Shame of the Cities an article that was about the corruption in city government. He wanted change to come out as a result.
-Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc:
Sherman antitrust act stopped monopolies. 10 hour workday and they wanted women to work less cause they thought they couldn't handle it. Child labor laws were helping the children because then they couldn't work. Progressives were out to help make the working life better.
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment:
Direct election of U.S. Senators. It took power out of the white rich male and gave it to everybody.
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment:
Women got the right to vote cause they didn't think it was fair that black men could vote and they couldn't and they got jobs because they fought for the harder jobs instead of getting the easier ones. They would convince one state at a time for the whole voting situation. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton NAW essay pretty much just got rights in 1920 they helped get the 19th amendment passed. They went state by state, fight it in the courts and finally get laws passed then got the amendment passed. Suffrage is voting.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Background: Grew up in rich family and had a rough background cause he had asthma and bad seeing and no body, got a weight set and turned himself into a stud went to Harvard and becomes a big athlete, his resume is awesome. President of the U.S. Police commissioner of NY and a lot more that I didn't get. Loved cowboys. Wife died in childbirth and he left son behind to be a cowboy. Governor of NY. Historical. Naval Secretary and he has been more that I didn't get.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Square Deal: An idea that is from three idea conservation, consumer protection control of corporations. Break monopolies, and help middle class. Welfare and education. Created arbitrators. Teddy was really the first who supported labor unions.
2. Breaking up strikes: believed people had a right to strike. Generally helping labor unions getting stronger. Coal strike. He helped the factory workers out.
3. Breaking up trusts-trustbuster: Teddy was trying to break up monopolies cause they were being lazy. He didn't believe that this was right. Sherman Antitrust Act passed in 18190. Good Trusts vs. Bad Trusts. the good, the bad, and the bullied. If you were a good trust, you got to stay. If you were a bad trust, you didn't get to stay. Trustbuster was a nickname that he called himself. So you don't need to break up all trusts, only need to break up the bad trusts, not the good trusts.
4. Regulating railroads-Elkins Act, Hepburn Act: Large companies that wanted refunds after shipping large loads. Named after the senator. Hepburn act helped limit railroads power, force of law. Increase power of precocious.
5. Pure Food and Drug Act: Enforced in 1930 and it had to list at least ten different harmful drug that were in the food. Protecting people and so they didn't eat harmful things. Protected consumers and the meat was up to par.
6. Meat Inspection Act: Packing plants for meat were nasty and there were like rats and spit and what not. Teddy noticed this and it was mystery meat. Teddy then passed the Meat Inspection Act to see if it was healthy or not and to see if the people and the place and the meat was healthy. Every plant then got inspection for the safety of consumers.
7. Conservation-Transfer Act, Antiquities Act:
The word conservation is like protecting the forests and the Transfer Act was taking all the national forests or all the forests that were up and transferred them to the Department of Agriculture to land west. Teddy was very pro conservation. Antiquities Act was reservation natural land and it was signed to the law by Teddy in 1906 and it was public land own by government.
8. Newlands Reclamation Act: 1902 it was the us federal government funded irrigation project for the 20 states.
9. Gentleman's Agreement: Agreement between America and Japan because of segregation.
10. Federal Employers Liability Act: States had their own work compensation act. If you were hurt on the job and could prove that it happened on the job..you got better compensation/pay.
11. Policy toward African-Americans:
He did little to preserve suffrage for the blacks.
-William Howard Taft's Background:
27th president. Born in Ohio. Wasn't a very good leader and congress didn't really like him because he supported Teddy. Governor of Cuba. He didn't do much. Only president that became Chief of justice after presidency. Yale. Lawyer.
-William Howard Taft's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff:
Tariff is cost on importing goods. high tariffs are designed so people buy american products and keep the other ones out. Payne-Aldrich Tariff kept tariffs high but lowered tariffs on some things.
2. Ballinger/Pinchot Land Dispute:
Taft didn't help the environment and nobody really liked him because he wasn't very energetic.
3. Breaking up trusts:
Teddy had 50 and Taft had 100 broken up. Teddy only broke up the bad trusts that treated their worked like crap. Taft thought he was doing the right thing by breaking up the all kinds of trusts. Taft broke up Standard Oil Company.
4. Income Tax-16th Amendment:
The government could collect taxes from you and it was for the federal government. The more you make the more you pay in income taxes. In 1909 they wanted it to be where they didn't have to share with every state. In 1913 they signed on it, it was ratified. This is all on Taft. They have this so they can keep up with the roads and stuff like that.
5. Policy towards African-Americans:
He didn't help African Americans and there was separation of blacks and whites. Jim Crow Law that passed that kept blacks and whites separate.
-1912 Presidential Election:
1. Democratic candidate and platform:
Woodrow wanted to keep breaking up monopolies and tariff reductions, and single terms served by presidents and independence for the Philippians.
2. Republican candidate and platform: MINE.
3. Progressive(Bull Moose) Party and platform: MINE.
4. Socialist candiate and platform:
Eugenie V. Debs (socialist) called for social insurance, women's suffrage, income tax reform. They are taking progressivism to the next level.
5. Results and why Wilson won:
Wilson won because Teddy Taft had to split the vote because they are both republicans.
-Woodrow Wilson's Background:
Born Dec. 28 1886. Thomas Wilson. Not rich. Scottish heritage and religious household. Princeton. Lawyer. Doctor. Published a book. Teacher/Professor. President. Died of a stroke. 3 children.
-Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act:
1914 strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act and it helped break up monopolies. Strikes, boycotts, picketing, all became legal.
2. Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission:
1914, 5 members for 7 years were to break up trusts. It passed the senate and it is still around today.
3. Federal Farm Loan Act:
By Woodrow and it helped farmers by giving them loans they would pay off within 5 to 40 years. Loan given by the government to help pay for crops.
4. Underwood Tariff:
It lowered tariffs to help the Americans.
5. Federal Reserve Act:
set up how banks in the U.S would work. And it set up the Federal Reserve System. The new bank had 12 banks in it. It is a bank for banks.
6. Keating–Owen Act:
!st child labor law bill, 2 million children were working and it banned the selling of the products made by the children so they went out of business.
7. Adamson Act:
8 hour work day in 1916 it was passed and it was aimed within the railroad industry and they also started the idea of overtime pay.
8. US Neutrality in WWI:
U.S declared neutrality which means we can trade with and are not going to support either Great Britain and Germany.
9. Policy towards African-Americans:
Many president's didn't help the blacks because they knew it would upset the courts.
Review in class now.
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