- Macedonia:
- Geo:
Rough terrain and a cold climate.
People lived in mostly in mountain villages instead of the city-states like Athens had. - Not seeing eye to eye:
Macedonia nobles referred to themselves as Greeks
Greeks thought that the Macedonians were barbaric and not as civilized as the Greeks
Greeks treated the Spartans same way - Changes:
After the Peloponnesian War several Greek city-states were very weak Economically and Military wise.
Macedonia prayed on the weak civilizations - Leadership:
Phillip II was the king of Macedonia around 360BC
-only 23 would he became King
-smart general
-trained peasants into warriors
-dream to take over Greece and avenge the Persian Invasion of Greece 480 BC
Tactics:
organized his army into phalanxes of 16 men across by 16 men deep
All 256 men had to work together for it to work
After the phalanx had broke through the enemy's line he would send the cavalry - Conquest for Greece:
Athenian orator named Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of the threat of Phillip and told them to prepare an army
Greek lost its independence to King Phillip of Macedonia because they couldn't respond in time - New Leader:
Next Phillip was to invade Persia but he was stabbed to death at his daughters wedding by a former guardsman
His son(Alexander The Great) proclaimed himself king - Alexander the Great:
taught by Aristotle
Spread Hellenistic Culture
Very Smart
Wanted to show his power early, when there was a small revolt in Thebes he destroyed their city and took 6,000 lives. - Invasion of Persia:
Alexander was ready to invade
Marched with 35,000 men
40,000 Persian men met him at Anatolia
Alexander attacked 1st with his cavalry and he won - Persian King:
Darius III
His response was to raise a huge army ranging from 50,000 to 70,000
Alexander sent his best troops to kill Darius III
Persian king fled and so did his army - Peace?:
After two major battles lost, Darius III was ready to give half of Persia
Alexander's advisers told Alexander to take it but he wanted all of Persia - Alexander in Egypt:
He was welcomed into Egypt as a liberator
Was crowned a pharaoh
Alexandria is named after him - Continuing the Conquest:
Alexander still wanted to kill King Darius III of Persia so he went after him
Pursuit made him a great conquer but terrible at governing it after he conquered it
He found Darius III dead by his own man
Many thought once Darius III was dead, Alexander would stop but he didn't
Invaded areas of India and was successful
But his army had low morale - Low Morale:
Army fought for 11 years
Marched 11,000 miles
In terrible conditions; deserts and even monsoon rain
Very disappointed, he agreed to return home - Governor?:
Alexander had reached Babylon, he announces that he wants to unite his empire by building new cities, roads and harbors and conquer Arabia.
Died at 32 b/c of a serious fever - Legacy:
Married Persian Princess
Very interesting cultural impact- spreading Hellenistic Culture
Conquered a vast amount of land
Generals fought over who got the power of the empire - Generals:
Antigonus- King of Macedonia and took control of the Greek city-states
Ptolemy- seized Egypt, took tittle of Pharaoh, and began a dynasty
Seleucid- got control over the old Persian Empire. Didn't take the democratic approach with him, rulers had all the power.
Daily Blog question:
What is your overall opinion of Alexander the Great? Was he really that special or just a barbaric person who allowed greed to get the best of him?
Well i think he was a great conquer. I think he was something special because just some barbaric person couldn't do that
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