Athenian Religion:
-The Athenians are polytheistic-believe in more than one god
God of the Greeks in Athens:
-zeus-king of the gods and ruler of the sky
-Hera-queen of the gods and goddess of marriage and family
-hermes-he was the messenger of the gods and also the god of commerce and thieves
-Hades-God of the underworld
-Dionysus-God of win and celebration
Zues:
-was the king of all of the gods
-he was the ruler of the sky,thunder, and lighting
-he ate his pregnant wife that was gonig to have Athena because he didn't want to get overruled by is offspring
-Athena broke ou of his skull
-Zeus had two brothers name Poseidon an Hades
Athena:
-she was one of the most important goddesses in Athens
-she was the god of wisdom, handicrafts, defence, and strategic warfare
-daughter of Zeus and Hera
-she was fierce and brave in battle but only fought to protect her homeland
Hera:
-goddess of the gods
-she was also the god of women and marriage
-she was Zeus's wife
-Her mother Rhea and her father Cronos
Hades:
-god of the underworld and the dead
-brother of Zeus and Poseidon
-He was very greedy and was always trying to increase his numbers
Poseidon:
-god of the sea
-his weapon was the trident and it could shake the earth and shatter any object
-his brothers were Zeus and Hades
-He was second in power for the gods only behind Zeus
Hermes:
-main role was to be a messenger for the gods
-he had winged shoes and a winged hat that is what he is most known for
Ares:
-was the god of war
-he was very aggressive and unpopular with the gods and humans
-he personified the brutalness of war
-ares was immortal but when he was ever hurt in battle he would run back to his father Zeus and be healed again
Hephaestus:
-Hephaestus was the god of metal work and fire
-he was born lame and weak and was an outcast of olympus
-he made the gods weapons and artifacts
Apollo:
-was the god of prophecy
-he is the patron of healing
-he was very popular with the mortals
-he was a master archer and fleetfooter
-its said he won the first olympic game
Aphrodite:
-was the god of love and beauty
-she was loved by all the gods and humans
-she married Hephaestus and had many children
Dionysus:
-he was the god of win, wine making, ecstasy, and celebration
-Zeus was his father
Demeter:
-goddess of fertility of the earth,crops,nature, and season
-many humans praised her so that they could have a good harvest
-She is the sister of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades
Artemis:
-was the virgin goddess of the hunt, moon, animals,archery, and childbirth
-she was amster archer and practiced
-she is well known for the 6 golden horned deer to pull her chariot
-she is daughter of Zeus, sister of Apollo
Why did they Pray:
-the greeks elieved that they had to worship and please the gods in order to have good fortune
-the greeks participated ina number of rituals, rites, ceremonies, and sacrifices in order to impress and placate the gods.
-greek religion was ritual based, practicing a flexible set of beliefs, it made no claims of universality, they did not proselytize, they
Where did relilgion take place:
-temples, shrines, and statues, were erected as a designated place to offer sacrifices to the gods
- the altar, usually locatd in front of the temple was the most imprtant part of greek sactuary, not the temple, this is where people gathered to worship
How athenian religion compares to other civilizations at the times:
-greek religion was a predomminant form of early paganism
-their religion reflected many central ideas and concepts of earlier forms of paganism, such as druidism, both ancient and modern and witch craft and Wicca
-the origins of the greek history has been lost in pre history, the only knowledge that has remained is that the greeks assmiliated
Athenian Myths:
-daughter of Zeus
-now Zeus, king of all the gods made his daughter with bright-eyed Tritogeneia. Zeus put his daughter in his own belly first, that the goddess might devise for him both good and evil
Contest of Poseidon and athena:
-therew as a half snake half man named cercops that had to find a patron for the city state of athens
-two gods were intersted poseidon and athena
-cecrops asked form them to offer a gift truly valuable for athens
-poseidon struck ground with his trident and water came ou of the ground but it was salty
-athena stuck her spear in the ground and planted an olive, for olive tres
Minotaur:
-minotaur is am ythical creature that is part man part bull
-it lives in teh center of labyrinth
Questions:
name 6 of the 12 main greek gods, one of them must be the god
Governmetn:
-limited democracy
-included rich and poor people
Athen influence:
-in the athens government, the people would directly vote on stuff such as elections
-unlike our gov here where we electe people to vote for us and represent us
-the athens gov influenced out gov in a few ways:
Gov before demcoracy:
-aristocracy
-state ruled by nobility
-rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, wealth
-social status and wealth support rulers authority
-practiced in athens prior to 594 bc
citezenship:
-at least 18, men had two years of military training
- became citizen and could take part in gov after
-only adult men were full citizens
-athenians thought woen were inferior
-women couldn't participate in gov
-foreigners could not participate
-slaves could not participate
-in athens, wealthy nobles and poor clashed
-the poeple of athens avoided major political problems by making reforms
-reformers in athens tried to build a democracy, or gov by the people
-only free adult mena were citizens
Percicles:
-leader of athens around 450 bc
-made sure all citizens could take part in gov
-any citizen could be in assembly or serve on a jury-arranged for them to be paid
-this allwoed even poor people to take part in gov
Socrates:
-teacher of philosophy in mid 400 bc
-angered some by questioning laws, customs and religion
-brought to rial in 399 bc for urging athens young people to revolt
-sentenced to death
-most famous greek philospher
Plato:
-in his book the republic plato discussed his ideal form of gov, in which a society could be constricted to bring out the best behavior of its citizens
-plato blelieved ath different people have different strenghts and weakness
-in a godd gov, since it is importanto teach people how to be good citizens
branches and bodies of gov:
-3 pillars
Assembly of the Demos:
-male athenians citizens listen,discuss, and vote on topics that affected Athenian life
-Spoke their minds and exercise their votes taht ahd to do with gov of city
-was the most central and most definitive institution of their democracy
-citizen were paid for attending that way poor would come without worry about leaving work
The Council of 500:
-represented full time gov of Athens
-had 500 citizens, 50 from each of the ten tribes, who serve from one year
-could issue laws on its own, but main function was to prepare the agenda for meetings of the assembly
-would meet to talk about and vote on preliminary decrees
-any of them that passed the councils vote went on the assembly
Peoples court:
-the Heliaea and other courts where citizen juries would listen to cases would vote on wether or not someone was guilty, and vote on punishments for people who were guilty
-jurors would get .5 drachma a day or 3 obols for being in jury
-had to be at least 30 years old in jury
Supplemented by:
-the council of Areopagus
-The Archons
-The Generals
Acient Athens architecure and art:
Ancient Agora of athens:
-marketplace for social,commercial, and religious events
Temple of Zeus at Olympia:
-ancient greek temple in olympus dedicated to Zeus
-built between 472 and 456
-very model of fully developed classical greek temple of the Doric Order
Sagestas temple:
-political temple for the Elymian people
Delphi Treasury:
-built to protect valuables
-such as gold or silver from representatives from city states
Parthenon:
-temple dedicated to Athena
-made of pentellic marble
_one of the most monumental represenative symbols of the culture
Athena:
-the parthenon was the temple of Athena and stayed intact until 1687
-there were two statues of athena, one insdie parthenon and one outside
-both statues of athen are gone, but a temple from 400 BC remains in honor of her
Acropolis:
-means the highest point of the town
-a home to kings,several temples, shrines, and sacntuaries
Arch of Hadrian:
-monumental gateway across an ancient road in the center of athens, leading to a complex of buildings and structures
Temple of Athena Nike:
-made to worship the Greek goddess of Athens
Greek Parliament:
-palace for kins Otto and George I
-also served as parliament and senate building
Ancient Agora:
-marketplace for social, commercial and religious events
Theatre of Dionysus:
-where songs and dances were performed to honor Dionysus
Panathenaic Stadium:
-where males competed in events similar to track and field
Library of Hadrian:
-consists of lecure halls, studies and a library
Art:
-one of the things that survivied to our day from the golden age is the minoan art
-it provides into the culture that flourished in Crete
-not much art survivied fomr the Prepalaial period
-the art in athens is some of the most unique in the world
-their artisitc abilities were shown through sculptures, pottery, and jewelry
Theater:
-the athenians had great theater art in the golden age
-arion created chrous singing and the chorus became part of plays
-one actor played multiple roles by wearing different masks and costumes
-the theater in itself was a semi-circle the high class people like the government officials and judges, mayors sons and the commoners sat in teh middle ot the back of the theater
-they had 3 different types of plays they performed,
Architecture:
-the greeks developed 3 architecrual designs
-doric is plain and sturdy
-ionic is thinner and more decorated
-corinthian is fancy
Greek Military:
Delian League:
-the delian league was founded by the Athenians after the Persian wars
-the name delian league derived from hte official meeting place of the league: delos
-the league was a sort of confederacy dividing greece into 5 districts:thrace, helespont, ionia,caria, and the islands
-it was a military organization whose purpose was basically to keep pushing the persians out of greece
-over time, athens starting turning the league into an empire
-the pelopennesian war started as a result of the league making athens too powerful--the league went up against sparta and its allies
-the frst member of the league that attempted to secede was naxos
-after the rebbellion was put down, they had to tear down their walls, give up their naval fleet, and lose their vote ni the league
-other purposes of the league besides driving out persia was to prepare for future invasionss and organize a means of dividing the spoils of war
-the league, and thus the athenian empire ended in 404 bc when spartans captured athens
Grecian warriors:
-the ancient greece roles in the war were to protect their country
-the warriors fought for their own personal glory instead of a organized formation
-the soldier farmers had tended to their farms before battle
-death in war was the most glorious way to die
-fought in a solo battle formation
-the ancient greece roels in the war were to protect their country
-outside of being the warriors they lived normal lives like picking crops and families
-the down side to being a warrior was you were almost a slave and you were supposed to fight whenever they called you to fight
key players:
-themistoles leader of the greeks dursian wars spartans attempted to hold the pass of thermopylae
-the greek fleet was made of 300 ships. 200 of which were athenian
-themisticies wanted to stay at salamis he began to fight by sending a serants to Xerxes saying athenians wanted to switch sides
-darius said his son xerxes was associated with the persian wars
-leonidas was a 5th century bc spartan military king
-archidamus II was king of Sparta from 469 to 427 BC on of his conflicts was called the Archidamian war
-Phormio-most important athenian commander during the Peloponnesian war
-all key players-archidamus II, themistocles, king darius, leonidas, xerxes, demosthenes, brasidas,phormio, and perciles
Comments