9-14 - Blogs - History 360

Athens

Government
- Limited democracy
  - Included rich and poor
  - People could speak their minds
Influenced our gov in different ways
- People directly voted on things
- We are different, representative gov
- Gave citizens roles
Gov before democracy
- Aristocracy
- Rule by nobility
- Rule is hereditary based on ties, wealth social rank
- Prior to 594 bc
Citizenship
- 18 , 2 years of military
- Adult men
- Wrought women were inferior
- Women foreigners and slaves couldn’t take part
- Wealthy ppl and poor clashed
- Avoided more political problems with reforms
- Reformers in Athens tried to build a democracy
- Only free adult men were citizens
Key players
Perciles
- Leader around 450
- Made sure all citizens could participate
- Any citizen could be in assembly ,jury, paid them
- Even allowed poor ppl
Socrates
- Teacher of philosophy in 400’s bc
- Angered some by questioning norms
- Tried in 399 for urging young people to revolt
- Sentence to death
- Most famous philosopher
Plado
- Discussed in his book how a society could bring out best behavior in citizens
- Different ppl have different strengths weaknesses
Three pillars of gov
- Assembly of demos
  - Male citizens listen discuss and vote on topics
  - Spoke their minds and exercise their votes
  - Most central and definitive institution of democracy
  - Citizens were paid for attending
- Council of 500
  - Full time gov of Athens
  - 50 from each of the ten tribes
  - Made agenda for assembly of demos
  - Talked about preliminary degrees
- Peoples court
  - Citizen juries would listen to cases and vote on whether or not someone was guilty
  - ½ drachma a day
  - Had to be 30 years old
- Suplimented by
  - The counclie of areopagus
  - Archons
  - Generals
  - Geography of athens
    - Land
      - In southern Europe
      - Thousands of islands
      - Cover 70 to 80% of Greece
        Limestone or marbel
        Limestone by athens
- Surrounded by mountains
  - Aigaleo west
  - Parnes north
  - Pentelikon north east
  - Hymettus east
Sea
- Surrounded by the Aegean sea east
- Ionian sea west
- Mediterranean sea and the sea of Crete
- Couther tip is called Peloponnesus
- The isthmus, which is a narrow strip of land connects the Peloponnesus to the rest of Greece
- Fish were part of the diet
- Used for trading and transportation
Climate
- Mild wet winters
- 50 degrees
- Lots of rain
- Mountains get snow
- Hot dry summers
- 80 degrees
- Climate allows for a lot of outdoor activities
Effects
- Trade was easier
- No harsh weather
- Land travel was hard due to mountains,
- Good soil, not much farmland
Natural resources
- Lignite
- Petroleum
- Iron ore
- Bauxite
- Lead
- Zinc
- Nickel
- Magnetite
- Marble
- Salt limestone
Trade
- Sea trade was common in Ionian Aegean sea and meterranean sea
- Most common ship was cargo ship
- Then war ship
- Trade made them prosperous
- Broad market, all the way to Egypt and lybia
- Traded with different people
- Economy soared
Farming
- Only 20 % of the land was farmland
- Crops
  - Barley
  - Grapes
  - Olives
- Grain crops were planted in October and harvested in may
- Olive harvest was nov/feb
- Grapes in September
- Barley was the main grain crop
- Farms were 4 to 5 acres
- Sustenance farmers
- Very large farms were run by overseers
- Average worker made 2 drachmas a day
- One farmer made 30,000 drachmas in a year
Mining
- Ore was common in Athens
- Best known mine was the silver mines of laurium
- Profits helped the growth of Athens
- Slaves worked in the mines
- They made weapons money tools and armor
Jobs
- did metal work
- druggists, female pharmacy
- manual labor preformed by slaves
- people with artisti abilities created images of deities and sold them to belivers
- farming
- only free ppl could be in the military
- Athens art and architecture
  - Ancient agora of Athens
    - Marketplace for social commercial and religious events
Temple of Zeus at Olympia
- Ancient Greek temple
- Built between 472 and 456 bc
- Good model of classical Greek temples
Segesta’s temple
- Political temple of the elymian people
Delphi treasury
Built to protect treasure
Parthanon
- Temple dedicated to Athena
- Made of pantelic marble
- Most monumentally represented symbols of culture,
Athena
- Parthenon was temple of Athena, stayed intact til 1687
- 2 statues of her
- Both are gone now
Acropolis
- Highest point in town
- Home to kings, several temples, shrines
Arch of Hadrian
- Gateway across toad in central Athens
Temple of Athena nike
- Made to worship the goddess of Athens
- Greek parliament
- Palace for kings otto and George I
- Also parliament and senate building
- Ancient agora
- Market for social commercial and religious events
Theater of Dionysus
- Songs and dances were preformed to honor Dionysus
- The library of Hadrian
- Lecture halls studies anad library
Art
- One of the things that survived from the golden age
- Provides insite into the culture that flourished in crete
- Not much art survived from the prepalilaial period
- Art in athins is some of the most unique in the world
- Suclptures
- Art
- Pottery
- Jewelery
Theater
- Great theater in golden age
- Arion chorus singing and chorus became part of the place
- Actors played different roles by wearing masks
- Theaer was a semicircle , best seats in the middle to the back of the theater
- Commercial tragedies and satire
Arcitutcure
- Three types
  - Doric, utilitarian
  - Ionic, thinner, more decoratdd
  - Corinthian is fancy
  - Miletery
    - Dellian league
      - Founded by athenians after persian wars
      - Name comes from meeting place, delos
      - Cofedracy that divided grecee into 5 eistricts
        Thrace
        hellespoint
        ionia
        caria
        the islands
- miletray orginixation to push persians out of gredce
- over time Athens turned the league into an empire
the pelopennisian war was a result of the league
- naxos was the first to attempt to succeed
- after they were put down they tore up their wall, gave up their fleet and lost their vote
- also to prepare for future wars and creat an organized system for dividing spoils
- the league ended in 404 bc when spartains captured Athens
warriors
- were to protect the country
- fougnt for own personal glory
- soldier farmers had to tend to farms before battle
- death in was the best way to die
- lived normal lives outside of being soldiers
- were almost a slave, had to fight when called
key players
- themistoles leader of the greeks dursian wars
  - spartans attempted to hold pass of Thermopylae
  - the greek fleet was made of 300 ships
  - thermisticies wanted to stay at salmis he be gan a fight by sending a message to xercies
  - darius said his son was associated with the persian wars
- leonidus was 5^th denturay spartan king
- archidamus 2 was king from 469 to 427
- one of his wars is called the archidamian war
- phormio- most important commander durng the Peloponnesian war

Quiz questions

The assembly of demos

Council of 500

Peoples court

They had a democratic government

Hot dry summers
80 degrees
Climate allows for a lot of outdoor activities
Natural resources
- Lignite
- Petroleum
- Iron ore
- Bauxite
- Lead
- Zinc
- Nickel
- Magnetite
- Marble
- Salt limestone

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