Athenian Religion:
-The Athenians are polytheistic-believe in more than one god
God of the Greeks in Athens:
-zeus-king of the gods and ruler of the sky
-Hera-queen of the gods and goddess of marriage and family
-hermes-he was the messenger of the gods and also the god of commerce and thieves
-Hades-God of the underworld
-Dionysus-God of win and celebration
Zues:
-was the king of all of the gods
-he was the ruler of the sky,thunder, and lighting
-he ate his pregnant wife that was gonig to have Athena because he didn't want to get overruled by is offspring
-Athena broke ou of his skull
-Zeus had two brothers name Poseidon an Hades
Athena:
-she was one of the most important goddesses in Athens
-she was the god of wisdom, handicrafts, defence, and strategic warfare
-daughter of Zeus and Hera
-she was fierce and brave in battle but only fought to protect her homeland
Hera:
-goddess of the gods
-she was also the god of women and marriage
-she was Zeus's wife
-Her mother Rhea and her father Cronos
Hades:
-god of the underworld and the dead
-brother of Zeus and Poseidon
-He was very greedy and was always trying to increase his numbers
Poseidon:
-god of the sea
-his weapon was the trident and it could shake the earth and shatter any object
-his brothers were Zeus and Hades
-He was second in power for the gods only behind Zeus
Hermes:
-main role was to be a messenger for the gods
-he had winged shoes and a winged hat that is what he is most known for
Ares:
-was the god of war
-he was very aggressive and unpopular with the gods and humans
-he personified the brutalness of war
-ares was immortal but when he was ever hurt in battle he would run back to his father Zeus and be healed again
Hephaestus:
-Hephaestus was the god of metal work and fire
-he was born lame and weak and was an outcast of olympus
-he made the gods weapons and artifacts
Apollo:
-was the god of prophecy
-he is the patron of healing
-he was very popular with the mortals
-he was a master archer and fleetfooter
-its said he won the first olympic game
Aphrodite:
-was the god of love and beauty
-she was loved by all the gods and humans
-she married Hephaestus and had many children
Dionysus:
-he was the god of win, wine making, ecstasy, and celebration
-Zeus was his father
Demeter:
-goddess of fertility of the earth,crops,nature, and season
-many humans praised her so that they could have a good harvest
-She is the sister of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades
Artemis:
-was the virgin goddess of the hunt, moon, animals,archery, and childbirth
-she was amster archer and practiced
-she is well known for the 6 golden horned deer to pull her chariot
-she is daughter of Zeus, sister of Apollo
Why did they Pray:
-the greeks elieved that they had to worship and please the gods in order to have good fortune
-the greeks participated ina number of rituals, rites, ceremonies, and sacrifices in order to impress and placate the gods.
-greek religion was ritual based, practicing a flexible set of beliefs, it made no claims of universality, they did not proselytize, they
Where did relilgion take place:
-temples, shrines, and statues, were erected as a designated place to offer sacrifices to the gods
- the altar, usually locatd in front of the temple was the most imprtant part of greek sactuary, not the temple, this is where people gathered to worship
How athenian religion compares to other civilizations at the times:
-greek religion was a predomminant form of early paganism
-their religion reflected many central ideas and concepts of earlier forms of paganism, such as druidism, both ancient and modern and witch craft and Wicca
-the origins of the greek history has been lost in pre history, the only knowledge that has remained is that the greeks assmiliated
Athenian Myths:
-daughter of Zeus
-now Zeus, king of all the gods made his daughter with bright-eyed Tritogeneia. Zeus put his daughter in his own belly first, that the goddess might devise for him both good and evil
Contest of Poseidon and athena:
-therew as a half snake half man named cercops that had to find a patron for the city state of athens
-two gods were intersted poseidon and athena
-cecrops asked form them to offer a gift truly valuable for athens
-poseidon struck ground with his trident and water came ou of the ground but it was salty
-athena stuck her spear in the ground and planted an olive, for olive tres
Minotaur:
-minotaur is am ythical creature that is part man part bull
-it lives in teh center of labyrinth
Questions:
name 6 of the 12 main greek gods, one of them must be the god
Governmetn:
-limited democracy
-included rich and poor people
Athen influence:
-in the athens government, the people would directly vote on stuff such as elections
-unlike our gov here where we electe people to vote for us and represent us
-the athens gov influenced out gov in a few ways:
Gov before demcoracy:
-aristocracy
-state ruled by nobility
-rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, wealth
-social status and wealth support rulers authority
-practiced in athens prior to 594 bc
citezenship:
-at least 18, men had two years of military training
- became citizen and could take part in gov after
-only adult men were full citizens
-athenians thought woen were inferior
-women couldn't participate in gov
-foreigners could not participate
-slaves could not participate
-in athens, wealthy nobles and poor clashed
-the poeple of athens avoided major political problems by making reforms
-reformers in athens tried to build a democracy, or gov by the people
-only free adult mena were citizens
Percicles:
-leader of athens around 450 bc
-made sure all citizens could take part in gov
-any citizen could be in assembly or serve on a jury-arranged for them to be paid
-this allwoed even poor people to take part in gov
Socrates:
-teacher of philosophy in mid 400 bc
-angered some by questioning laws, customs and religion
-brought to rial in 399 bc for urging athens young people to revolt
-sentenced to death
-most famous greek philospher
Plato:
-in his book the republic plato discussed his ideal form of gov, in which a society could be constricted to bring out the best behavior of its citizens
-plato blelieved ath different people have different strenghts and weakness
-in a godd gov, since it is importanto teach people how to be good citizens
branches and bodies of gov:
-3 pillars
Assembly of the Demos:
-male athenians citizens listen,discuss, and vote on topics that affected Athenian life
-Spoke their minds and exercise their votes taht ahd to do with gov of city
-was the most central and most definitive institution of their democracy
-citizen were paid for attending that way poor would come without worry about leaving work
The Council of 500:
-represented full time gov of Athens
-had 500 citizens, 50 from each of the ten tribes, who serve from one year
-could issue laws on its own, but main function was to prepare the agenda for meetings of the assembly
-would meet to talk about and vote on preliminary decrees
-any of them that passed the councils vote went on the assembly
Peoples court:
-the Heliaea and other courts where citizen juries would listen to cases would vote on wether or not someone was guilty, and vote on punishments for people who were guilty
-jurors would get .5 drachma a day or 3 obols for being in jury
-had to be at least 30 years old in jury
Supplemented by:
-the council of Areopagus
-The Archons
-The Generals
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