Monday- ABSENT
Tuesday- ABSENT
Wednesday- Presentations
Ancient Egypt (Old Kingdom) Notes
Old kingdom Egypt
- 2649-2150 B.C
- 3rd 6th dynasties
- Scarce records
- "written in stone"
- Age of the pyramids
- age of the pyramid builders
Geography
- Coast- Mediterranean sea
- Upper- red sea
- desert area
Government
- King ruled by mandate of gods
- Progress and strong centralized
- Growth of priesthood during 5th an 6th dynasties
- No central government at the end of 6th dynasty\
Laws
- King assigned to represent the gods will
- No judges
- No courts
- Officials judged cases
- No legal code
War
- central government relied on nomarchs for supplies
- No united army- more like smaller units
- regional governors could conscript soldiers
- Hard to invade
- At peace most of the time
- Mainly fought amongst themselves
- invsions from lybians
- invasions from Nubians
- Tried to get control of nubia
- Bronze tipped spears
- Wood and ox hide shields
Power
- first notable Pharaoh Dojser (2630-2611 BCE
- Step pyramid
- Vizier Imhotep served as chief minister
- Forbidden to speak the name of the king
Economy
- Many types of jobs
- Most common fields of work
- Agricaculture was a major factor
- Shat Heqat
- Money from taxes were uses to build projects
Social classes
Slaves
- Prisoners of war
- not many slaves during this time period
- Farmers men and boys worked in fields
- women would make things at home
Artisans
- banquets with King
- worked with many kinds of materials
Merchants
- Middle class
- Trade and barter items at markets
- Scribes
- only ones who knew how to read and write
Soldiers
- No set army
Pharaoh
- Absolute power
- believed to be a god
Religion
- Re- sun
- Amon re: King of gods
- Went to heaven- sun Hous
- Symbol obelisk
- Maybe from mesopotamia
- Rituals flooding Nile (crucial)
- Pharaohs- sons of Re
- Pyramid
- West of Nile
- Land of the Dead
- After life of the king
- Daily life objects
Education
- Imitation
- Farms workshops, vinyars, and skills from elders
- Boos of instruction or wisdom literature
- Sons worked with their fathers
- No choice- family trade
Entertainment
Parties
- hosts welcomed blossoms and flower wraths
- wax cone on head, melted, fancy wig
- Harps, lyres, lutes, some type of oboe and drums
- Games
- jacks
- dice
- Clay rattles
- balls made of pypyrus
- outside a lot
- Boys wrestled
- Girls danced
Gender roles
- Women owned land- passed to daughter
- Kinship through women
- women respected
- Men establish career before wife
Art
- Monumental stone structures
- portraits
- carved images
- defeat death
- brought life into next world
- Jewlery
- furniture
Advancements in tech
House hold
- Hand held mirror
- toothbrush/ toothpaste
- rugs
- small statues
- Ox drawn plow (heavy and light)
- Believed in the stars
- Medicine and magic
Pyramids of giza
- Made of limestone, pink granite
- Ramp theory
Conclusion
- Ended in chaos
- Not certain what happened
- Declined gradually
- Bad government
- Bad harvests that led to famine
Thursday- Presentations
Babylonians
Social Hierarchy
- Awilu
- A free person of the upper class
Wardu
- Slaves
- Prisoners of war
- Recruited from the Babylonian citizenry
- Free people could be reduced to slavery as a punishment
- Children and family were sold as slaves in time of need
Mushkenu
- A free person of low state
Jobs
- Cook
- Farmer musician
- Brickmaker
- Bricklayer
- Baker
- Wine makers
- Gardener
- Tax collector
Trade
- Trade was the key to wealth
- By promoting trade, the king could tax people
- The trade routes had to be safe, and be protected from bandits
- Large stable empires- peace and security
- Routes not secure- discontinued
- Babylon important in middle eastern trade network
- Merchants bringing goods from other places
Politics
- King Hammurabi (1792 BC-1750 BC)
- Monachy
- King ruled officials
- Risen power (father forced out)
Laws
- Code- 282 laws (doc sev injury money if cured/ killed- extremities cut
- Guilty removed parts (ex. Tongue, hands, etc
- Earliest example of "eye for an eye"
Wars
- 2 closest neighbors
- Elam and Assyira
- Assirya- city captured
- Recaptured statue
- kept going on for 10 years
Geography
- City was between tigris and Euphrates
- the mountains surround the east and north sides of the plain, the Zagros chain and Kurdistan
- Syrian and Arabian deserts guard the west and south
Climate
- Hot and dry- summer
- cold and wet- winter
Religion
- Many gods
- Anu- sky
- Ea- wisdom
- Enil- fate and kingship
- temple size-importance of gods
Tower of babel
- Tried to reach heaven
- Bricks- stone
- tar- mortar
- Languages mixed up
- scattered over world
Education
- Boys only ages 8-9
- School- tablet house
- copied tables
- Sumerian
- Akkidian language
Art
- Lion of babylon
- snake dragon- morduke
- Adobe or molded bricks
- Structues built with mud, and stone
- Paintings
- Mythological characters
- Sacrifices/ offerings
- Fighting
Hanging garden of Babylon
- Terraces made of baked brick and asphalt
- Plants on terraces
- Didn't actually hang
Entertainment
- Hunted
- boxing and wrestling
- polo on shoulders
- Board games
- Children-mini weapons
- Festivals- singers and musicians
Gender roles
- Married (arranged by parents) and had family
- Adultry
- prostitution- not considered a bad thing
- Jobs: stay home with the children
- trade cloth, beer food, perfume
- Weaving and selling cloth
Men gender roles
- Power over family
- 1st error against father- hand cut off
- 2nd error against father= he cold do as he wanted
Crash course Mesopotamia
Friday- Babylonians presentation (Kendal P's part) (see notes above)
Shang dynasty presentation
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