9/25/17
Pericles plan to Win
Avoid land battle and wait to attack sparta from the sea and build walls protecting city and port
Rise of the Philosophers = lovers of wisdom
A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
After losing to sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in the Athens turned to philosophy for answer
Socrates, plato, and Aristotle
Socrates - 470 - 399 BC
Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
Socrates taught by asking question/honor and integrity not wealth and power
This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method
Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
Put to death hemlock = poison
There is only one good knowledge and one evil ignorance
Plato 427 to 347 BC
Plato was a student Socrates
He started a school called The Academy the lasted 900 years
Wrote The Republic
The Book talked about a perfectly governed society not a democracy
In his ideal society all citizen would fall naturally into three groups: Farmer, and artisans, warrior, and the ruling class
The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
Aristotle 384 to 322 BC
Aristotle was a student of Plato
He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, goverment, etc
Taught Alexander the Great
“He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them.”
Story of Ancient Greece 2000 BC - 300 BC (Before all we take so far)
Colossus of Rhodes
Statue of Helios, Greek Titan god
Was made of bronze
Same size as Statue of Liberty
One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake
Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invader
The Temple/ Statue of Artemis
Bult around 800 BC
Artemis is the Greek Goddess of Fertility
The temple was destroyed several times due to wars
Current day archeologists have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Built around 450 BC
The statue was said to be made of gold and marble
Eventually destroy after be take apart and moved
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Built around 353 BC
Tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus
Destroyed by earthquakes in the 110 to 1400’s AD
All that survives today are the foundation blocks
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The lighthouse was built in 280 BC
It was the world's first lighthouse (reflected sunlight by day/fire at night)
Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956 to 1325 AD
Remains were found in the Mediterranean sea in 1994
Egypt is building an underwater Museum
Key terms/ people section 1
Peninsula = A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on the majority of its border, while being connected to a mainland from which it extends
9/26/17
Minoan = a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete 2000 to 1400 BC
Mycenaean = an indo - European person who settled on Greek mainland around 2000 BC
Trojan War - army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy
Dorian - people that migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of Mycenaean civilization
Homer - Great story teller who was blind
Epic - narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
Myth - traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes
Geography of Greece
Greece is a small country in Europe
The main part of Greece in on a Peninsula
Greece is surrounded by what three large bodies of water
Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea and ionian Sea
The rest of Greece is made up of islands
6000 (227 being inhabited)
Importance of Geography to Greece
The sea was extremely important to Greeks - Why?
Did not live “on the land” but “around the sea”
Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the sea
Used the sea as a means of transportation
The sea linked all parts of Greece to other area for trade which was essential due to the lack of resource
Mountain cover around ¾ of ancient Greece
Mt. Olympus - home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods
Twelve Olympian Greek gods
Zeus - King of the gods, sky, thunder
Hera - Women, marriage
Demeter - Harvest, agriculture
Poseidon - sea
Athena - Wisdom, courage, stc.
Apollo - Music, poetry, healing
Artemis - The hunt, wild animals, childbirth
Aphrodite - Love, beauty, pleasure
Ares - War
Hermes - Transitions and boundaries
Hephaestus - Blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans
Hestia - Health, home, domesticity, family
Dionysus - Vine, Grape Harvest, Winemaking, Wine
Due to mountain, transportation over land was difficult
Greeks didn’t have much fertile land for agriculture
Due to this issues, ancient Greece never had a large population - no more than a few million
These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand
Greek city state
Due to Greece’s geography, city - states developed instead of a unified country
What is a city state?
Some were ruled by kings, others were ruled by small group of noble, landowning families, and others by a few powerful people
Ancient Olympics
Records of Olympics date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them
Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to 5 days
Happened every 4 years - and Olympiad
Started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
The modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896 in Greece
The big competition at the Games was the Pentathlon (Pente -5) (Athlon - competition)
Long jump
Javelin
Discus
Stadion - 200 yards
Wrestling
Minoan Civilization
2000 - 1500 BC
Heavily influenced by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations
Named after legendary Crete King Minos of Greek mythology
Know for its trade on the seas
Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
8/27/17
8/28/17
Minoans
Know for it’s advanced cities Knossos
Not overcrowded, plumbing, toilet and sewer
Know for Women having much higher status than in earlier civilization
Know for their art and pottery
Downfall of the Minoans
Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
Historians think it could have been an earthquake which level cities and their ships
They could have been overran by the Mycenaeans
Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis
9/29/17
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