Monday-World History: Introduction Ch. 1- "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence" (just because we don't know everything, doesn't mean that it didn't happen) - Bernard wood.World history- history of the world, BC- before Christ, AD- anno domini (in the year of our lord) , BCE-before common era , CE- common era.How old is the earth? 4.6 billion years oldwhere were the oldest human fossils found? Africa- specifically Tanzania, Ethiopia, and recently MoroccoWho found the oldest human fossils? Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald johanson, and numerous other scientistsWhat are some of the biggest achievements in world history? invention of tools, mastery of fire, development of language, invention of wheels, invention of boats ( the sail), art.Louis and Mary Leakey- searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from the 1930's-1970's. Hominid: the group consisting of all modern and extinct great apes. Found human-like fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai gorge in Tanzania, this discovery would usher many other findings over the decades.Donald Johanson- discovered a 3.2 million year old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named "Lucy" in 1974. this was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2015.Movie...Tuesday- movie...Wednesday- movie...Thursday- grass: was important for the development for humans and it changed into grain/barley for us to eat and evolve, the grasses apes stood up so they could see better. horses- travel/ trade/ war, camels/donkeys. didn't have to go hunting you could just do FARMING. Villages turned into cities and the into civilizations. trading: silk route. Fire: being able to control fire (steam) being able to cook food. Language (communicate), numbers, arts. Wheel (to transport more items), gun powder (war fare revolutionized), minerals formed from super novas/explosions (iron, zinc).Earliest Homo Sapiens: found in Morocco (Africa) June 2017, oldest homo sapiens fossils found so far, previous oldest was 150,000 years ago, these fossils date back 300,000 to 350,000 years ago. controversial within scientific community, are they truly homo sapiens or early modern humans.neanderthal vs cro-magnon vs modernEarly Human Migration- 1,600,000 - 10,000 B.C.agricultural/neolithic revolution: prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants (hunter-gatherer). they lived in groups of about 25-70 people. no one knows exactly how things changed, about 10,000 years ago people started more organized farming. along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats, and pigs.Friday- as time went on, people started settling up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities. ex. ancient sumerian city of Ur. as cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to a civilization. as cities grew, social classes emerged. civilization- book definition: advanced state of human society in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached. Student friendly definition- a highly advanced society. The five traits of a civilization: advances cities, writing/record keeping, specialized workers (merchants, soldiers, priests, potter, scribes, teachers, metalworkers, gov officials, farmers, weavers), complex institutions (gov, health care, churches), advanced technology.questions to consider: what are natural borders (oceans, seas, mountains). Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive? to defend against empires that are trying to take over. arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 B.C. Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking. provided for abundant crops and food surplusesChapter 2-1 vocabulary: fertile crescent- where the Sumerians first discovered, a lot of domestic animalsMesopotamia- the land between the rivers (Euphrates and Tigris)city-state- a city country (functioned like an independent country)dynasty- a series of rulers from a single family-father to son (sometimes daughters)cultural diffusion- when culture is diffusedpolytheism- belief in multiple godmonotheism- belief in one godempire- group of territories or nations ruled by a single rulerdelta- where the rivers flow into a bigger body of waterKing Narmer- king of Egypt that many believe united upper and lower Egypt around 3000 BCPharaoh-the god kings of Egypt seen as almost as powerful as the gods of the heavensTheocracy- gov headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a godpyramid- huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placed after they diemummification- the process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay, usually reserved for royalty and the richHieroglyphics- Egyptian form of writingpapyrus- what Egyptians wrote on, came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areasIndian subcontinent- the landmass that includes Pakistan, India, and BangladeshMonsoon- seasonal winds that can bring dry air or heavy rain huge impact on IndiaMandate from heaven- a just ruler that has approval from the gods, an unjust ruler can lose their mandate to ruledynastic cycle- the rise, fall and replacement of dynastiesfuedalism- a political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords and in returns, they vow loyalty and military service to the king, used in china, japan, and europe.
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Using paragraphs might be better.