Mesopotamia
- thought of as the first civilization, but they were just the area where the first civilizations were
- some cities were sippar, babylon, kutu, kish
- Uruk-founded in 5000 bce
- uruk had 50000=80000 people in its 6 km walls in 2900 bce
- that made it the largest city in the world at the time
- Nippur-considered sacred group
- it was a special place of worship to the sumerian god, enlil, ruler of the cosmos
- Nineveh, one of the oldest cities
- became very religious
- there was an earthquake that destroyed the first temple of ishtar, it was later rebuilt in the year 2260 bce
- the 2 rivers of mesopotamia are the Tigris and the Euphrates
- the valley between the tigris and the euphrates river was known as the land between rivers
- was never a regular supply of water
- mesopotamia is in between the tigris and euphrates in iraq
- mainly desert in the north and mainly marshes, lagoons and mudflats in the south
- the south gets a lot of rain, most crops are grown there and the rivers irrigate the crops in dry seasons
- trade routes between mesopotamia
- many of the objects traded were domesticated animals, wine, donkeys, gemstones, camels, pottery, and horses
- a lot of trading was done with persians and ancient india, also traded with afghanistan and egypt
- they used cuneiform to write
- they used a base 60 numeral system. 60 minute hour, 24 hour day, 360 degree circle
- they used advanced mathematics invented the wheel
- they believed that the world was a flat disk that was surrounded by a vast hollow space and that this was enclosed in an over arching heaven
- the sea was all around the earth top bottom and sides
- they believed in a lot of different gods
- they played sports-hunting, wrestling, polo, but with men sitting on the shoulders of wither men instead of horses
- majore-a sport like rugby
- gov. was a monarchy
- wrote the first code of laws
- believed that their rulers were descendants of gods
- broken up into a city-state areas
Indus River civilazation
- indus meant the father of rivers
- originated from the tibetan plateau
- located in south asia
- were naturally protected by deserts and mountains
- 1000 miles east of india
- the religion is still uncertain, very similar to hinduism
- people were born into social classes
- women were valued because they could make babies
- when kids grew old they took over the parents jobs
- highly organized agriculture
- trade was a big part of their culture and economy
- harappa-one of the first cities, three classes-religious elite, trading class, the poor workers
- had sanitation systems, people had their own water wells
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