technology
during the Dorian age only the rich could really afford to by bronze weaponry and armor
iron later replaced bronze and allowed the common man to be able to arm himself and fight
new formation was formed in battle called the phalanx
hold a long spear and in the other hand hold a shield
start of the Persian War
between Greece and Persian Empire
first began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia
Greeks were settled there but Persians conqurered
Darius the Great defeated the revolt and then vowed to destroy Athens
Persian fleet of 25,000 men landed in an area called marathon in 490
10,000 Athenians meet them there
after several hours of fighting
Persians fled
6,000 Persians were lost
200 or less Athenians were lost
the Athenians were using this new fighting formation called the phalanx
Persians were not well trained in this type of land fighting
Persians also wore very light armor compared to that of the Athenians
Athenians were fighting on their homeland
Marathon
even though Athenians had won they left the city with no army
according to tradition, army leaders would send a runner to alert Athens of the battle.
Pheideppides was the runner
ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens
Persians tried to quickly attack Athens after their defeat at Marathon, but the AThenians had already returned, fled once again
ten years later
Xerxes Darius the Great's son became the successor of the Persian army
brought an enormous army with him to complete the job that his father once vowed
Greeks were very divided on how to handle the Persian situation
some city-states thought that they should fight them and defend
some city-states thought it wasn't worth it and they should just allow them to burn it
Some even fought with the Persians
Thermopylae
narrow mountain pass was the setting of the battle
7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans stood in the way of Xerxes and his huge army on this push to get to Athens
Xerxes underestimated the Greeks and Spartans however, they stood up for three day to them
300
traitor went to Xerxes and informed him of a secret path around the pass
Fearing defeat, the Spartans fought the Persians so that the Greeks could flee to fight another day
All 3000 were killed including Leonidas
lasting effects of sacrifice
Made a great impression of the Greeks
allowed the remaining Greeks to retreat and fight the Persians
Showed Xerxes what he was up against
Battle of Salamis
Greeks abandoned Athens, because they thought that fighting at sea was their best chance
They were right, Xerxes watched as 1/3 of this fleet sunk
Lasting effects
Delian League
alliance of Greek city-states to continue to push the PErsian out of all Greece.
quartes to Athens
gave the Athenians a lot of power and helped push them into their golden age
Athenians was the head of the league and moved the headu
Comments