The Nile river is in Africa in Egypt
The Nile river would flood every year from July to November
It was important because it brought rich soil to the Egyptians
It also washed away all of the waste
The seas surrounded them and protected them from disease
Most of the cites border of the rivers edges
The Nile has two major tributaries The White Nile and The Blue Nile
Most of the population and cites lie around the Nile valley
They couldnt live without the nile river
they caught fish
They built pyramids
They people in the area depended on the farmers
The close proximity to the river made it easy to water the crops
Most people of the Nile tribes were farmers that can only be vaguely distinguished by their tombs
They had Hand soughs
For the bigger soughs they had the oxen pull it
They used goats and other animals to walk on the ground to pat it down to push the seeds into the ground
The people living in this area dug irrigation ditches which carried the invaluable waters out from the Nile River to their farms making the area perfect for growing food
Longest river in the world 4,150 miles
Empires
Mesopotaian- Powerful state in the ancient world, most fertile and rich parts of the ancient world, kings are called the first dynasty of Babylon, Babylon is the capital
The Babylonian Empire- Was an ancient empire that was in the Near East in the Southern Mesopotamia in between the Tigris and the Euphtaes river, Was a long narrow country about 40 miles wide and a area of about 8,000 square miles
Fun Facts- Death penalty was prescribed for theft murder adultery kidnapping rape the receipt of stolen property from a temple or a palace or false accusation of a capital crime
Marriage- Only legal when recorded in writing, only married women were allowed to own property
The first dynasty- It was during the early dynastic period in Egypt, was founded in the lower kingdom of Egypt
, The capital at this time was Memphis, was founded by and Egyptian Pharaoh Narmer
Pharaoh Narmer- know for reuniting the two kingdoms of Egypt, The Narmer palette was made, one of the first know objects to have the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing on it, there is no definite ending, historians obtain information from tombs,
The Second Dynasty- was during the early dynastic period, Capital was Thinis, Hotepsekhemwy was the founder of the second dynasty, the last pharaoh of the second dynasty was khasekhemwy he married nemathap their marriage strengthened the unity of the upper kingdom and lower kingdom, their son djoser was the pharaoh of the third dynasty also the first one, the third dynasty started the new kingdom period in egypt
If you harmed a cat you get the death penalty Cats were thought to be a manifestations of the Egyptian goddess Bast
The Indus- Arose about 2500 BC ,there has been 1056 settlements found, two major cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, they are called the Harappan culture, unknown founders of the civilizations, advanced in technology, created first known sanitation system, strong and stable government, written language undeciphered
Yellow River Civilization- Shang dynasty, first family of Chinese rulers that left a written language records, built palaces and tombs, ruled Yellow river Valley in 2nd millennium, Capital was anyang, language was old Chinese, had a monarchy, was based on agriculture lots of hunting and animal care, fought a lot of wars
people were often buried alive with the royal corpse
Mesopotamia- commonly thought of as the first civilization the truth is that Mesopotamia is just the area where the first civilization were.
Mesopotamia cities by the river- Assut Marri Nuzi Sippar
Uruk- In about the year 500 bce the city of uruk was founded uruk had 50,000 - 80,000 people in its 6 km by 6km wall in 2900 bce
Nippur- was considered a more sacred group formed around 5000 bce hit its peak in 2500 bce special place to worship
Nineveh- one of the oldest cities by 3000 bce they became very religious worshiping a goddess named ishtar there was a earthquake the destroyed the temple of ishtar rebuilt in the year 220 bce
Rivers- Tigis and Euphrates, the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates river was known as the land between the rivers. never a regular supple of water in the Mesopotamia soil
Geography- It is in between the two rivers mainly desserts in the north and marsh in the south, south gets a lot of rain mostly crops are grown there Mesopotamia is 5800 sq feet the trade routes are how the would get there money and food
Many of the objects traded were animals wine donkeys gemstones camels pottery and horses
Trading with Persians ancient India Afghanistan and Egypt
Technology- used cuneiform to write they are based on a numeral system used advanced mathematics invented a wheel only sons of wealthy people went to school
Religion- Believed world was flat surrounded by a flat hallow space and the sea was all around the earth top bottom and sides the universe had been born from these waters they were a polytheistic society they were a patriarchal society
sports- hunting wrestling polo but with men sitting on the shoulders of other men instead of horses, majore a sport like rugby
Goverment- was a monarchy first code of laws they believed that their rulers were descendants of the gods broken up into a city state system
Indus River Civilization-
The Monhenjo daro mean the mound of death
father of river is what indus meant
orginated from the tibetan plateau
located in south asia
Tibet north of the himalayas
The indus valley people had deserts and mountains protecting them naturally
The religion is still uncertain but is similar to the hinduism of today
People were born into social classes
Women were valued they made babies
the kids grew old they took on the parents jobs
Highly organized agriculture animals were a source of food
trade was a big part of their agriculture
Harappa was on of the biggest and first cities
Three classes- religious elite, trading class, the poor workers
Mohenjo-Daro
divided into 2 portions
Citadel was the lowers city which was called the public bath
they had sanitation systems
The Yellow River
Anyang was built mainly of wood, the city stood in a forest clearing, the rich people lived in timber framed houses with walls of clay and straw, the poor lived in huts outside of the city, shang people needed walled cities because they were constantly waging war
Geography
The main reason why it is called the yellow river is because it deposits of yellowish silt which is fertile soil called loess which is blown from the deserts to the west and north, the yellow river flood s are disastrous because it devours the whole village, Only 10% of china's land is suitable for farming, most of the farming lad is located between the huang he and the chang jiang in eastern china,
Culture
The called the yellow river mother river, gunpowder the compass printing and poetry and song ci, yellow river civilization is the yuan dynasty in glittering gems,
importance
provides chinas local population with drinking water supply and without it the grasslands will shrink so farmers would have to graze their animals somewhere else, 400 million people live in the yellow river basin
The fall of the Empires in Early Days-
There were many empires that rose up in the early civilizations most didnt end but got absorbed into the other empires
Cradle of civilization meopotamia.
The assyrian empire ended in 612 bc when the capital city nineveh was invaded by an allied force of babylonians medes scythians and susianians
king sin-shar-ishjun was killed during this siege
Babyloians took over the area shortly afterward
Fall of the babylonain empire---
was the strongest empire after the fall of the assyrian empire
in 539 bc the king of persia ordered a invasion on the babylonain land
it soon became part of the persian empire
it was known as persian babylonia
fall of the persian empire--
fell to alexander the great
became part of the greek seleucid empire
after this there was a lot of conflicts between parthians and romans
Nubians and egyptians--
nubia and egypt were the two biggest river valley civilizations by the nile
fall of the nubians--
around 204-1640 bc the egyptians people started making trade routes through nubia routes expanded and eventually took over nubia
Indus--
people dont know how it ended for sure
they think that the river had a current change and parts of the indu region was flooded while others experienced drought food shortages caused people to starve and spread of disease
fall of the xia--
it is blamed on the last king marrying a evil woman who became a tyrant the people rebelled against his leadership\
Fall of the Shang--
King hou killed his own son and murdered his ministers
the zhou army battled the shang zhou and the shang zhou lost
the zhou dynasty began with the suicide of shang zhou
many empires that rose and fell most ended up disappearing in to other empires and in conflict
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